Which stool sample is suitable for Clostridioides difficile testing?
AA hard, formed stool collected first thing in the morning
BA loose stool that takes the shape of the container
CA dry smear of stool on a tissue
DA stool sample mixed with urine
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A healthcare assistant (nursing assistant) has recorded a blood pressure of 82/50 mmHg during routine observations but did not report it. What should the registered nurse do first?
AAssess the patient straight away
BRepeat the observations at the next routine time
CTalk to the healthcare assistant about reporting
DComplete an incident report
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Why are alternate sutures sometimes removed first when taking out stitches?
ABecause the remaining sutures dissolve on their own within a day
BTo reduce the cost of dressings
CTo make the procedure faster
DTo check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A hypotensive postoperative patient is given a fluid bolus. Which findings suggest a good response?
AThe heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
BThe heart rate rises further and the patient becomes more confused
CThe respiratory rate rises and new lung crackles appear
A nurse has been fit-tested for an N95 respirator. What should the nurse do each time it is put on?
AMoisten the edges so it seals better
BPerform a user seal check
CWear a surgical mask underneath it
DArrange a new fit test
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient with depression has suddenly become calm and is giving away personal possessions. What does this suggest?
AThat the patient is now ready for discharge today
BA possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
CThat the patient wants to make new friends on the unit
DThat the depression has resolved and observation can be reduced
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
For most hospitalized adults with diabetes who are critically ill, which glucose target range is commonly recommended?
AAbout 60–80 mg/dL (3.3–4.4 mmol/L)
BAbout 250–300 mg/dL (13.9–16.7 mmol/L)
CAbout 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
DAbout 300–350 mg/dL (16.7–19.4 mmol/L)
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient recovering from acute tubular necrosis now passes 4–5 L of urine a day. Which electrolyte changes should the nurse watch for?
AHigh potassium and high sodium from retention
BLow potassium and low sodium from urine losses
CNo changes, because the kidneys are now normal
DHigh calcium and high phosphate from bone loss
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · A loose stool that takes the shape of the container
これが答えになる理由
Only diarrhoeal stool (types 5–7 on the Bristol Stool Chart) is tested for C. difficile. The sample is collected in a clean pot without urine contamination.
答え
B · A loose stool that takes the shape of the container
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Assess the patient straight away
これが答えになる理由
A low blood pressure may mean deterioration, so the nurse assesses the patient at once and escalates if needed. Feedback to the assistant and reporting follow afterwards.
答え
A · Assess the patient straight away
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · To check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
これが答えになる理由
Removing alternate sutures allows the nurse to see whether the wound edges stay together. If they begin to separate, the remaining sutures can be left and the team informed.
答え
D · To check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · The heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
これが答えになる理由
After a fluid challenge, a falling heart rate, rising blood pressure, better capillary refill, improving consciousness and urine output suggest fluid responsiveness. New crackles or breathlessness suggest fluid overload.
答え
A · The heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
A fit test confirms that a model and size suit the person. A user seal check, breathing in and out to feel for leaks at the edges, is done every time the respirator is put on.
答え
B · Perform a user seal check
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
これが答えになる理由
A sudden improvement in mood with giving away belongings can mean the person has made a plan. The nurse assesses suicide risk directly, increases observation and informs the team.
答え
B · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · About 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
これが答えになる理由
For most critically ill patients, insulin is used to keep glucose around 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L). Lower targets increase the risk of hypoglycemia, and persistently higher levels increase infection and other complications.
答え
C · About 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Low potassium and low sodium from urine losses
これが答えになる理由
In the diuretic phase of AKI, the recovering tubules lose large amounts of water and electrolytes, so dehydration, hypokalemia and hyponatremia can occur. Daily weights, intake and output, and frequent electrolytes guide replacement.確認に用いた資料:Acute tubular necrosis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Low potassium and low sodium from urine losses