A patient tells the nurse about abuse and asks them to keep it a secret. What should the nurse say?
AThat they promise to keep it secret, so the patient keeps trusting them
BThat they will tell everyone on the ward so the patient is safe
CThat they cannot promise secrecy if someone is at risk of harm
DThat they cannot listen to this and the patient should tell a doctor
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
An older woman with severe arthritis has normal bladder control but wets herself because she cannot reach the toilet in time. Which type of incontinence is this?
AFunctional incontinence
BStress incontinence
COverflow incontinence
DUrge incontinence
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Why are older adults at higher risk of dehydration?
ATheir kidneys hold on to too much water
BThey always drink large amounts of tea
CTheir body water content increases with age
DTheir sense of thirst is often reduced
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A few hours after cardiac surgery, a patient has low blood pressure, a raised jugular venous pressure and quiet, muffled heart sounds. What should be suspected?
A patient receiving IV magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia has absent knee reflexes and a respiratory rate of 10/min. What does the nurse do first?
AGive oral fluids to help clear the drug faster
BIncrease the infusion to prevent a seizure
CStop the magnesium infusion and call for help
DTurn the patient onto her back and recheck later
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A dehydrated child is to receive IV fluids with added potassium. Which finding should the nurse confirm first?
AThat the child is hungry
BThat the child can walk without help
CThat the child’s temperature is normal
DThat the child is passing urine
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has severe neutropenia after chemotherapy. Which route for measuring temperature should be avoided?
AOral
BRectal
CTemporal artery
DTympanic
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
口唇ヘルペス(単純ヘルペス)のある看護師が、新生児室に配置されました。最も適切な対応はどれですか?
A口唇ヘルペスはごくありふれているので、通常どおり勤務する
B誰にも言わず、勤務中は化粧で病変を隠す
C手袋を着けて通常どおり続ける
D管理者に伝え、管理者は当面配置を変更することがある
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a right mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. Where is the best place to draw blood?
AThe right hand
BEither arm equally
CThe left arm
DThe right arm
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
筋肉量の少ない虚弱な高齢者で、正常なクレアチニンが誤解を招くことがあるのはなぜですか?
A高齢者は、常に若い成人より高いクレアチニンをもつため
B筋肉が少ないとクレアチニンが少なく作られ、腎機能の低下が隠れるため
Cクレアチニン値は、筋肉量にまったく依存しないため
D正常なクレアチニンは、常に正常な腎機能を証明するため
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · That they cannot promise secrecy if someone is at risk of harm
これが答えになる理由
Nurses must not promise secrecy when there is a risk of harm. They listen, stay calm, explain what will happen, record the disclosure and follow safeguarding procedures.
答え
C · That they cannot promise secrecy if someone is at risk of harm
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Functional incontinence
これが答えになる理由
Functional incontinence is caused by problems outside the urinary tract, such as poor mobility or confusion. A commode near the bed, easy clothing and regular toileting help.
答え
A · Functional incontinence
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
これが答えになる理由
With age, thirst is blunted, kidney concentrating ability falls and total body water decreases. Cognitive or physical problems can also make it harder to drink.
答え
D · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Cardiac tamponade
これが答えになる理由
Hypotension, raised JVP and muffled heart sounds (Beck's triad) suggest cardiac tamponade. Blood in the pericardial space compresses the heart and needs urgent drainage.
答え: C · Stop the magnesium infusion and call for help
これが答えになる理由
Loss of deep tendon reflexes and slow breathing suggest magnesium toxicity. The nurse stops the infusion, supports breathing and escalates; calcium gluconate is the antidote kept ready.
答え
C · Stop the magnesium infusion and call for help
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · That the child is passing urine
これが答えになる理由
Potassium is not added to IV fluids until the child is passing urine, because poor kidney function can let potassium build up to dangerous levels.
答え
D · That the child is passing urine
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Rectal
これが答えになる理由
Rectal thermometers, suppositories and enemas can damage the rectal mucosa and introduce bacteria into the blood of a patient with almost no neutrophils. Other routes are used instead.
After axillary node removal, venipuncture and blood pressure readings are usually avoided on that side to reduce the risk of lymphedema and infection. The opposite arm is used whenever possible, according to policy.
答え
C · The left arm
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · 筋肉が少ないとクレアチニンが少なく作られ、腎機能の低下が隠れるため
これが答えになる理由
クレアチニンは筋肉で作られます。筋肉の少ない人はクレアチニンの産生が少ないため、腎機能が低下していても、値が正常に見えることがあります。クレアチニンに基づく eGFR も同様に腎機能を過大評価することがあるため、腎臓から排泄される薬の用量を決めるときには、実測したクレアチニンクリアランスやシスタチン C に基づく推算値を用いることがあります。確認に用いた資料:Creatinine blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)