A patient opens their eyes only to pain, uses inappropriate words and withdraws from pain. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale score?
A7
B11
C9
D13
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
看護師が電話で口頭指示を受けました。最も安全な実践はどれですか?
A記録せずに実施する
B覚えておいて、勤務の終わりに書き留める
C書き留めて、指示者に復唱して確認する
D同僚にも一緒に聞いて覚えてもらう
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
During flu season, a nurse wakes up with fever, cough and muscle aches. What is the best action?
AGo to work but avoid caring for patients who have weak immune systems
BTake an antipyretic so the fever does not show at work
CGo to work but wear a surgical mask for the whole shift
DStay home and inform the employer according to the illness policy
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?
ASalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
BSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug
CMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
DSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient recovering from acute tubular necrosis now passes 4–5 L of urine a day. Which electrolyte changes should the nurse watch for?
AHigh potassium and high sodium from retention
BHigh calcium and high phosphate from bone loss
CLow potassium and low sodium from urine losses
DNo changes, because the kidneys are now normal
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Let the patient do what they can and help with the rest
これが答えになる理由
Encouraging patients to do what they can maintains independence, dignity and function. The nurse helps with the parts they cannot manage.
答え
A · Let the patient do what they can and help with the rest
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · From the sampling port, using aseptic technique
これが答えになる理由
Samples are taken from the needle-free sampling port after cleaning it. Urine in the bag is stale and contaminated, and breaking the system raises infection risk.
答え
C · From the sampling port, using aseptic technique
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Only the patient should press the button
これが答えになる理由
If the patient becomes too sedated, they stop pressing the button, which protects them. When others press it, this safety mechanism is lost and overdose can occur.
答え
A · Only the patient should press the button
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · To rule out septic arthritis, which can rapidly destroy the joint
これが答えになる理由
Septic arthritis can destroy cartilage within days. Aspiration allows microscopy and culture, and helps distinguish infection from crystal arthritis such as gout.
答え
A · To rule out septic arthritis, which can rapidly destroy the joint
Eyes open to pain scores 2, inappropriate words score 3 and withdrawal from pain scores 4, giving 9. A score of 8 or less often means the patient cannot protect their airway.
答え: D · Stay home and inform the employer according to the illness policy
これが答えになる理由
Health care workers with signs of influenza should not work, because they can infect patients and colleagues. They follow the employer’s policy on when they may return.
答え
D · Stay home and inform the employer according to the illness policy
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Most salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
これが答えになる理由
Spironolactone blocks aldosterone, so the kidneys keep potassium. Many salt substitutes are made of potassium chloride, and combining them with spironolactone can cause dangerous hyperkalemia, especially with kidney disease or ACE inhibitors.確認に用いた資料:Spironolactone · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2018); High potassium level · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Most salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Low potassium and low sodium from urine losses
これが答えになる理由
In the diuretic phase of AKI, the recovering tubules lose large amounts of water and electrolytes, so dehydration, hypokalemia and hyponatremia can occur. Daily weights, intake and output, and frequent electrolytes guide replacement.確認に用いた資料:Acute tubular necrosis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Low potassium and low sodium from urine losses