練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 119 kg、身長は 179 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
119 kg179 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
9.経腸栄養・静脈栄養の計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 82 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.5 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 44 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 20 時間、65 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 7 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. The serum potassium is 3.0 mEq/L. What should the nurse do?
AStart the insulin at once, because the glucose is the bigger problem
BGive the insulin as a fast bolus to bring the potassium up
CReport the result before starting, because insulin will push potassium even lower
DIgnore the result, since potassium is always high in this condition and will correct itself
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
When should a nurse call the rapid response team?
AOnly when the patient’s family makes a complaint
BWhen a patient shows an acute decline, such as new confusion or a sharp change in vital signs
COnly when the provider has written an order for a rapid response call in the chart
DOnly after a patient has had a cardiac or respiratory arrest on the ward
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse asks a colleague to “just glance” at an insulin infusion before starting it. What makes a check truly independent?
AThe second nurse checks the order, drug, dose and pump settings separately without being told the answer
BThe second nurse looks at the bag label from the doorway
CThe second nurse signs the record after the infusion has already been started by the first
DThe first nurse reads the details aloud and the second agrees
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?
ABecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
BSo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
CSo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
DBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL (112 g/L), an MCV of 64 fL, a normal ferritin and a normal-to-high red cell count. What is the most likely cause?
答え: C · Report the result before starting, because insulin will push potassium even lower
これが答えになる理由
Insulin drives potassium into cells and can cause dangerous hypokalemia, so a low starting potassium must be reported. US (ADA) guidance delays insulin until potassium is at least 3.3 mEq/L; UK (JBDS) guidance asks for urgent senior review and potassium replacement. Either way, the prescriber decides.
答え
C · Report the result before starting, because insulin will push potassium even lower
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · When a patient shows an acute decline, such as new confusion or a sharp change in vital signs
これが答えになる理由
Rapid response teams bring critical care skills to a patient who is getting worse, with the aim of preventing cardiac arrest or ICU transfer. Any nurse who is worried about an acute change can call them.
答え
B · When a patient shows an acute decline, such as new confusion or a sharp change in vital signs
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · The second nurse checks the order, drug, dose and pump settings separately without being told the answer
これが答えになる理由
In an independent double check, the second person works through each step on their own, then the two results are compared. Reading the answer aloud or glancing invites confirmation bias.
答え
A · The second nurse checks the order, drug, dose and pump settings separately without being told the answer
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · So a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
これが答えになる理由
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is diagnosed partly by a fall of about 50% or more from the baseline count, usually 5–14 days after starting. A baseline count and regular checks make this possible.確認に用いた資料:Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
B · So a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Thalassemia trait
これが答えになる理由
Thalassemia trait causes microcytosis from reduced globin production, often with a normal or high red cell count and normal ferritin. Iron deficiency has low ferritin. Iron supplements do not help thalassemia trait and can cause iron overload.確認に用いた資料:Thalassemia - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Red Blood Cell (RBC) Indices · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)