During a blood transfusion, a patient develops chills, back pain and a fever. What is the nurse’s first action?
AFinish the unit quickly through a pressure bag so that the reaction does not last long
BSlow the transfusion and recheck in an hour
CGive an antipyretic and continue the transfusion
DStop the transfusion and keep the IV open with normal saline via new tubing
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which patient is the best choice for the room closest to the nurses’ station?
AA patient admitted for a planned scan, feeling well
BA patient with stable diabetes who walks independently
CA confused older adult at high risk of falls
DA young adult waiting for discharge tomorrow
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
手首の抑制具は、どのくらいの強さで固定しますか?
A患者の手が抜けるほどゆるく
B抑制具と皮膚の間に指が2本入る程度のゆるさ
C手首の脈が遅くなるほどきつく
D患者が腕を動かせないよう、できるだけきつく
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse discovers that an insulin infusion was programmed using the wrong drug concentration in the pump library. What should the nurse do first?
AStop the infusion and check the patient’s blood glucose
BReprogram the pump and finish the shift before reporting
CLeave it running and check the glucose at the next routine time
DDouble the rate to correct for the error
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?
AThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine
BThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes
CThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose
DThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?
AA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
BRapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
CStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day
DGradual replacement of free water over many hours
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · It gives the patient time to think and say more
これが答えになる理由
Therapeutic silence gives the patient space to gather their thoughts and express feelings, especially about difficult topics. It is used with attentive body language.
答え
D · It gives the patient time to think and say more
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · A suspected deep tissue injury
これが答えになる理由
A purple or maroon area of intact skin, often firm or boggy, suggests deep tissue injury from pressure and shear. It can quickly become a deep open ulcer, so pressure must be removed at once.
答え
A · A suspected deep tissue injury
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Removing hair, if needed, with clippers rather than a razor
これが答えになる理由
Razors cause micro-abrasions that increase infection risk, so hair is removed only if necessary with clippers just before surgery. Keeping patients warm and good skin preparation also help.
答え
D · Removing hair, if needed, with clippers rather than a razor
答え: D · Stop the transfusion and keep the IV open with normal saline via new tubing
これが答えになる理由
For any suspected transfusion reaction, the nurse stops the transfusion at once, keeps the vein open with normal saline through new tubing and informs the provider and blood bank.
答え
D · Stop the transfusion and keep the IV open with normal saline via new tubing
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · A confused older adult at high risk of falls
これが答えになる理由
A confused patient at high risk of falls benefits from being close to staff, so they can be observed and helped quickly. The other patients are stable and independent.
答え: A · Stop the infusion and check the patient’s blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
A concentration error means the dose delivered was wrong. The nurse stops the infusion, assesses the patient including blood glucose, treats as needed, notifies the prescriber and reports the event.
答え
A · Stop the infusion and check the patient’s blood glucose
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · The pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
これが答えになる理由
C-peptide is cleaved from proinsulin when insulin is made, so it reflects the body's own insulin production. A very low level suggests beta-cell loss, as in type 1 diabetes; in type 2 diabetes it is often normal or high early on.確認に用いた資料:C-Peptide Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · The pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Gradual replacement of free water over many hours
これが答えになる理由
Older adults have a reduced sense of thirst and easily develop hypernatremia from water loss. Free water is replaced gradually, because lowering sodium too quickly can cause cerebral edema. Hypertonic saline and fluid restriction would make it worse.
答え
D · Gradual replacement of free water over many hours