A patient's hearing aid keeps whistling. What is the most likely cause?
AThe battery is completely flat
BIt is not fitted properly in the ear
CThe patient's hearing has improved
DThe volume is turned right down
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A man skips bowel cancer screening because he feels healthy and thinks cancer will not happen to him. Which Health Belief Model concept best explains this?
AStrong cues to action
BHigh self-efficacy
CHigh perceived benefits
DLow perceived susceptibility
3.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with COPD and known carbon dioxide retention needs a nebulised bronchodilator. How should it usually be given?
AOnly with the patient lying flat
BDriven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
CDriven by high-flow oxygen at 15 L/min for as long as possible
DWithout monitoring oxygen saturation
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A few hours after cardiac surgery, a patient has low blood pressure, a raised jugular venous pressure and quiet, muffled heart sounds. What should be suspected?
A woman who is 30 weeks pregnant has a new blood pressure of 152/98 mm Hg. Which urine finding would most support preeclampsia?
AProtein in the urine
BKetones in the urine
CGlucose in the urine
DNitrites in the urine
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1.4 to 2.0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?
AReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
BGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
CIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function
DRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · It is not fitted properly in the ear
これが答えになる理由
Whistling is feedback, usually from a poor fit, earwax or a damaged tube. Refitting the aid or checking for wax usually solves it; a flat battery makes it silent.
答え
B · It is not fitted properly in the ear
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Low perceived susceptibility
これが答えになる理由
In the Health Belief Model, people act when they believe they are susceptible to a serious condition and that action will help. Low perceived susceptibility reduces the chance of screening.
答え
D · Low perceived susceptibility
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Driven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
これが答えになる理由
Nebulisers driven by high-flow oxygen can raise PaCO2 in patients at risk. Air-driven nebulisers are used, with supplementary oxygen via nasal cannulae to keep saturation in the target range.
答え
B · Driven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Cardiac tamponade
これが答えになる理由
Hypotension, raised JVP and muffled heart sounds (Beck's triad) suggest cardiac tamponade. Blood in the pericardial space compresses the heart and needs urgent drainage.
答え: B · An 84-year-old taking a diuretic who has fallen before and gets up at night
これが答えになる理由
A previous fall is one of the strongest risk factors. Older age, diuretics and getting up at night to urinate add further risk, so this patient needs fall precautions.
答え
B · An 84-year-old taking a diuretic who has fallen before and gets up at night
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Rapid cooling while supporting airway and circulation
これが答えになる理由
Heat stroke is an emergency in which body temperature rises and the brain is affected. Rapid cooling, for example with cold water or ice, is the priority; antipyretics do not work for heat stroke.
答え
A · Rapid cooling while supporting airway and circulation
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
これが答えになる理由
A loose needle is a hazard to everyone who handles the linen. The nurse disposes of it safely without recapping, using an instrument if needed, and reports the incident so the cause can be addressed.
答え
B · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
Preeclampsia is new hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy with proteinuria or other signs of organ involvement, such as low platelets, raised liver enzymes or rising creatinine. Proteinuria reflects damage to the glomerular filter.確認に用いた資料:Preeclampsia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Protein in the urine
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
これが答えになる理由
A creatinine rise of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours meets the criteria for AKI, and contrast is a recognized risk factor, especially in CKD and diabetes. The nurse reports it, monitors fluid balance and holds metformin until kidney function is reviewed, as metformin can accumulate.確認に用いた資料:Acute Kidney Injury · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Abdominal CT scan · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Acute kidney failure · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed