A patient has heart failure. Which instruction about daily weights is best to give the nursing assistant?
A“Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
B“Weigh him after lunch, fully dressed, with his shoes on.”
C“Weigh him at any time today, on whichever scale is free.”
D“Only weigh him if his ankles look more swollen than they did yesterday afternoon.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops rising end-tidal carbon dioxide, muscle rigidity and a rapidly increasing temperature. Which drug should the nurse anticipate?
ADantrolene
BFlumazenil
CAtropine
DNaloxone
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A cup of water is spilled over an infusion pump plugged into the wall. What should the nurse do?
ALeave it running and place a towel over it until it dries
BSwitch it off and unplug it safely, then have it checked before reuse
CTurn the pump upside down to drain it while running
DWipe it dry quickly with a towel and keep using it for the infusion
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nursing student describes how they remove PPE (gown, gloves and a mask worn for splash protection) at the doorway before leaving a contact precautions room. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I clean my hands as soon as all the PPE is off.”
B“I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
C“I remove my gloves without touching the outside with my bare hand.”
D“I roll the gown inward as I take it off.”
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
処方された塩化カリウムを静脈内投与する前に、最も重要なアセスメントはどれですか?
A前腕の皮膚ツルゴール
B両耳の聴力
C尿量と腎機能
D瞳孔の大きさと対光反射
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
2 週間前に大量の輸血を受けた患者で、HbA1c の結果が誤解を招くことがあるのはなぜですか?
A輸血は、常に HbA1c を偽高値まで上げるため
BHbA1c は、赤血球ではなく白血球上の糖を測定するため
CHbA1c は、あらゆる状況で正確であるため
D多くの赤血球が供血者由来の細胞で、患者のブドウ糖に曝露されていないため
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Press over a bony area such as the shin for a few seconds and look for a dent
これが答えになる理由
Pressing over a bony surface pushes fluid out of the tissue; a dent that stays shows pitting oedema. Its depth and how long it lasts are recorded.
答え
C · Press over a bony area such as the shin for a few seconds and look for a dent
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
これが答えになる理由
When an airborne-precaution patient must leave the room, they wear a surgical mask to contain respiratory secretions. Staff in close contact still wear respirators as per policy, and the receiving department is informed.
答え
B · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Infective endocarditis
これが答えになる理由
Infective endocarditis causes fever and a new or changing murmur, sometimes with splinter haemorrhages. Several sets of blood cultures are taken before long-course IV antibiotics.
答え
C · Infective endocarditis
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
これが答えになる理由
Delirium develops over hours to days, with fluctuating attention and consciousness, and is often reversible when the cause is treated. Dementia is a gradual, progressive decline. Patients with dementia are at higher risk of delirium.
答え
A · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
答え: A · “Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
これが答えになる理由
Daily weights are measured at the same time, on the same scale and in similar clothing so that changes show real fluid gain. A quick rise in weight can be an early sign of worsening heart failure.
答え
A · “Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Dantrolene
これが答えになる理由
Malignant hyperthermia is a reaction to some anesthetic agents that causes hypermetabolism. The triggering drug is stopped and dantrolene is given, with active cooling and support.
答え
A · Dantrolene
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Switch it off and unplug it safely, then have it checked before reuse
これが答えになる理由
Liquid on electrical equipment can cause shock or failure. The device is turned off and unplugged without touching wet parts, the patient’s infusion is managed with another device, and the pump is checked by the biomedical team.
答え
B · Switch it off and unplug it safely, then have it checked before reuse
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · “I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
これが答えになる理由
Gloves are the most contaminated item and are removed first, so dirty gloves do not touch the face or mask. Gown and gloves are taken off at the doorway before leaving the room, and hand hygiene follows. The other steps are correct.
答え
B · “I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”