A trauma patient receives many units of blood quickly and then develops muscle twitching and low blood pressure. Which laboratory value is most likely to explain this?
AA low ionized calcium
BA low serum glucose
CA high serum magnesium
DA high serum sodium
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Before antibiotics are given, as long as this does not delay them
これが答えになる理由
Taking cultures first gives the best chance of identifying the organism. They are collected with strict asepsis, but antibiotics must not be delayed in sepsis.
答え
D · Before antibiotics are given, as long as this does not delay them
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Higher angles make the patient slide down, causing shear over the sacrum
これが答えになる理由
When the head is raised high, the body tends to slide while the skin stays still, distorting the tissues over the sacrum. Keeping the angle low, where safe, reduces this shear.
答え
D · Higher angles make the patient slide down, causing shear over the sacrum
答え: C · Oxygen is given if the SpO2 is below the target range
これが答えになる理由
Current guidance recommends oxygen in ACS only for hypoxaemia, as routine oxygen in patients with normal saturations has not been shown to help. Urgent ECG, analgesia and antiplatelet treatment remain priorities.
答え
C · Oxygen is given if the SpO2 is below the target range
答え: C · Treat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
これが答えになる理由
When in doubt, treat as hypoglycemia. A little sugar will not harm a patient with high glucose, but untreated hypoglycemia can cause brain injury within minutes, and insulin could be fatal.
答え
C · Treat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Sterile technique, with a sterile catheter and sterile glove
これが答えになる理由
In hospital, tracheal suctioning uses sterile technique to avoid introducing organisms into the lower airway. Clean technique may be taught for long-term home care, according to policy.
答え
A · Sterile technique, with a sterile catheter and sterile glove
Stored blood contains citrate, which binds calcium. During massive transfusion, citrate can lower ionized calcium, causing tetany, hypotension and arrhythmias. Ionized calcium is monitored and replaced as prescribed.