A conscious patient with hypoglycaemia was given fast-acting carbohydrate. On re-check 15 minutes later the blood glucose is 3.6 mmol/L (65 mg/dL). What should the nurse do next?
AGive another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
BGive a dose of subcutaneous insulin
CTake no action because the level is rising
DGive a long-acting carbohydrate snack only and recheck tomorrow
A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
B“I will call if my weight goes up quickly over a day or two.”
C“I will take my water tablet in the morning.”
D“I will weigh myself every morning after I use the toilet.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient admitted with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly got better, but now the abdomen is rigid and the heart rate is rising. What does this suggest?
AThe pain has moved to a different, harmless place
BThe appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
CThe patient’s analgesic has finally started to work
DThe appendicitis is getting better without surgery
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A newly hired nurse had BCG vaccine as a child. Which TB screening test is usually preferred?
AAn interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
BA chest x-ray every month for the first year
CNo screening, because BCG prevents all TB
DA tuberculin skin test, which is read 24 hours after it is placed
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Several patients arrive with suspected inhalational anthrax after a deliberate release. Which precautions are needed for their care?
ADroplet precautions with surgical masks
BStandard precautions, because it is not spread from person to person
CContact precautions with gowns and gloves
DAirborne precautions in negative-pressure rooms, because spores are inhaled
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient is on an IV insulin infusion protocol in the ICU. How often is the blood glucose usually checked?
AOnce every 12 hours
BAbout every hour
COnly if symptoms occur
DOnce a day before breakfast
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has fatigue, weight gain and constipation. Results: TSH 24 mIU/L, free T4 low, total cholesterol 285 mg/dL (7.4 mmol/L), sodium 131 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation?
AFamilial hypercholesterolemia, unrelated to the thyroid results
BPrimary hypothyroidism, which can raise lipids and lower sodium
CSecondary hypothyroidism from failure of the pituitary gland
DHyperthyroidism, with suppressed thyroid hormone production
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Non-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
これが答えになる理由
The WHO ladder starts with non-opioids, adds a weak opioid for moderate pain and a strong opioid for severe pain, with adjuvants at any step. It is still widely taught, although current WHO guidance stresses individual assessment over a strict step-by-step approach.
答え
A · Non-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Ask the patient to show how they use it
これが答えになる理由
A return demonstration shows whether a psychomotor skill has been learned and lets the nurse correct mistakes. Saying "yes, I understand" does not prove the technique is right.
答え: A · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
これが答えになる理由
If blood glucose remains below the threshold (4 mmol/L in UK guidance, 70 mg/dL in US guidance), the fast-acting treatment is repeated. Once it is above the threshold, a longer-acting carbohydrate such as a sandwich or the next meal helps prevent recurrence.
答え
A · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
答え: A · “I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
これが答えになる理由
Salt causes fluid retention and can worsen heart failure. Daily weights, reporting rapid weight gain and taking diuretics in the morning are all correct.
答え
A · “I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · The appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
これが答えになる理由
A sudden ease in pain followed by a rigid abdomen and a rising pulse can mean rupture and peritonitis. This is a surgical emergency, so the nurse reports at once.
答え
B · The appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
これが答えになる理由
BCG vaccine can cause a false-positive tuberculin skin test. IGRA blood tests are not affected by BCG, so they are preferred for people who have had the vaccine.
答え
A · An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Standard precautions, because it is not spread from person to person
これが答えになる理由
Inhalational anthrax is caught by breathing in spores from the environment and does not spread from person to person, so standard precautions are enough. Decontamination may still be needed for people with spores on their skin or clothing.
答え
B · Standard precautions, because it is not spread from person to person
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · About every hour
これが答えになる理由
IV insulin acts quickly and has a short half-life, so glucose is usually checked hourly (or as the protocol specifies) and the rate adjusted. This reduces the risk of hypoglycemia and keeps glucose in the target range.
答え
B · About every hour
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Primary hypothyroidism, which can raise lipids and lower sodium