Why should the same pain scale be used each time a patient's pain is assessed?
ABecause using different pain scales on one patient is against the law
BSo the patient learns the right answer to give
CBecause only one scale is valid for adults
DSo scores can be compared to see whether pain is improving
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A man skips bowel cancer screening because he feels healthy and thinks cancer will not happen to him. Which Health Belief Model concept best explains this?
AHigh perceived benefits
BStrong cues to action
CHigh self-efficacy
DLow perceived susceptibility
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Why does a patient with a suspected TIA need urgent specialist assessment?
AThe risk of a full stroke is highest in the days after a TIA
BA TIA always turns into a brain tumour unless it is treated
CThe symptoms will come back permanently within an hour
A patient’s serum potassium is 6.1 mEq/L. Which of the patient’s medications should the nurse question first?
AHydrochlorothiazide
BOmeprazole
CFurosemide
DSpironolactone
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
The laboratory calls with a critical lab result by phone. What should the nurse do?
ARemember the value and enter it in the chart at the end of the shift
BTell the patient the result first and then call the provider
CWait for the printed report to arrive before telling the provider about it
DWrite it down, read it back to confirm and report it to the provider promptly
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient on oxygen needs an MRI scan. Which plan is safe?
ALeave the steel cylinder on the patient’s bed during the scan
BUse only MRI-safe equipment, and never take a standard steel oxygen cylinder into the scanner room
CTake the usual steel cylinder into the room if it is tightly strapped to the trolley frame
DRemove the oxygen for the scan without telling anyone
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A stable adult who is not bleeding receives one unit of packed red cells. By about how much is the hemoglobin expected to rise?
AAbout 5 g/dL (50 g/L)
BAbout 3 g/dL (30 g/L)
CAbout 0.1 g/dL (1 g/L)
DAbout 1 g/dL (10 g/L)
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10.5 mmol/L), pH 7.15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?
ARespiratory acidosis from COPD
BHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
CSimple fasting ketosis only
DEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · So scores can be compared to see whether pain is improving
これが答えになる理由
Using one tool consistently lets the team see trends and judge whether treatment works. The tool chosen should suit the patient's age and ability to communicate.
答え
D · So scores can be compared to see whether pain is improving
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Low perceived susceptibility
これが答えになる理由
In the Health Belief Model, people act when they believe they are susceptible to a serious condition and that action will help. Low perceived susceptibility reduces the chance of screening.
答え
D · Low perceived susceptibility
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · The risk of a full stroke is highest in the days after a TIA
これが答えになる理由
The risk of stroke is highest soon after a TIA. Rapid assessment and treatment, such as antiplatelets, statins and carotid imaging, reduce this risk.
答え
A · The risk of a full stroke is highest in the days after a TIA
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and can raise potassium further. Furosemide and thiazides tend to lower potassium, and omeprazole does not usually affect it.
答え
D · Spironolactone
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Write it down, read it back to confirm and report it to the provider promptly
これが答えになる理由
Writing down and reading back critical results confirms they were heard correctly. The nurse then reports them promptly to the responsible provider and documents who was told and when.
答え
D · Write it down, read it back to confirm and report it to the provider promptly
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Use only MRI-safe equipment, and never take a standard steel oxygen cylinder into the scanner room
これが答えになる理由
Steel oxygen cylinders can become projectiles in an MRI room and cause fatal injuries. Only equipment labeled MRI-safe is used, and the patient’s oxygen needs are planned with the MRI team.
答え
B · Use only MRI-safe equipment, and never take a standard steel oxygen cylinder into the scanner room
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · About 1 g/dL (10 g/L)
これが答えになる理由
In an average-sized adult without ongoing bleeding or hemolysis, one unit of red cells raises the hemoglobin by about 1 g/dL (and the hematocrit by about 3%). A smaller rise suggests ongoing blood loss or red cell destruction.
答え
D · About 1 g/dL (10 g/L)
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
これが答えになる理由
SGLT2 inhibitors can cause DKA with only mildly raised glucose because glucose is lost in the urine. Ketones and acidosis must be checked in any unwell patient on these drugs, even with a near-normal glucose.