A patient taking warfarin has an INR of 5.2 and no signs of bleeding. What should the nurse do?
AHold the warfarin dose and inform the provider
BGive a double dose to correct the result
CEncourage the patient to take aspirin for pain
DGive the usual dose and recheck the INR next month
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with SIADH has a serum sodium of 120 mEq/L and is newly confused. Which nursing action has priority?
ATeaching the patient about a low-sodium diet at home
BEncouraging the patient to drink plenty of water
CSeizure precautions and close neurological checks
DHelping the patient to walk in the corridor alone
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
患者の血液が誤って目に飛び込んだ後、看護師は何をすべきですか?
A処置を終えてから、翌日に報告する
Bまず清潔で乾いたティッシュで目をそっとこすって血液を取る
C抗菌薬の点眼をして、誰にも言わない
D直ちに大量の水または生理食塩水で目を洗い、その後に報告する
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
口唇ヘルペス(単純ヘルペス)のある看護師が、新生児室に配置されました。最も適切な対応はどれですか?
A口唇ヘルペスはごくありふれているので、通常どおり勤務する
B管理者に伝え、管理者は当面配置を変更することがある
C手袋を着けて通常どおり続ける
D誰にも言わず、勤務中は化粧で病変を隠す
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?
AThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
BThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose
CThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes
DThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient's potassium is 7.2 mEq/L, and the monitor shows wide QRS complexes. Several treatments are prescribed. Which should be given first?
AIV furosemide (a loop diuretic)
BAn oral potassium binder dose
CUrgent hemodialysis session
DIV calcium gluconate (or chloride)
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Psychomotor
これが答えになる理由
The psychomotor domain covers physical skills, the cognitive domain covers knowledge and the affective domain covers attitudes and feelings. Skills are learned by demonstration and practice.
答え
D · Psychomotor
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · It is deceptive; the pain should be assessed and treated
これが答えになる理由
Using a placebo without consent deceives the patient and damages trust. Response to a placebo does not prove the pain is not real. The patient's report should be believed and reassessed.
答え
D · It is deceptive; the pain should be assessed and treated
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Sitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
これが答えになる理由
An upright position improves lung expansion, and adequate fluids, deep breathing and coughing help clear sputum. Oxygen is given to target saturations if needed.
答え
B · Sitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Benzodiazepines, such as buccal midazolam or IV lorazepam
これが答えになる理由
Benzodiazepines enhance GABA and are first-line for seizures lasting over five minutes. If seizures continue, second-line antiepileptic drugs are given and senior help is needed.
答え
C · Benzodiazepines, such as buccal midazolam or IV lorazepam
答え: A · Hold the warfarin dose and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
An INR well above target raises the risk of serious bleeding. The nurse holds the dose, informs the provider and watches for bleeding. Without bleeding, holding warfarin is usually enough at this level; vitamin K is mainly used for very high INRs or bleeding.
答え
A · Hold the warfarin dose and inform the provider
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Seizure precautions and close neurological checks
これが答えになる理由
Severe hyponatremia can cause seizures and falls. The nurse keeps the patient safe and reports changes; free water is restricted rather than encouraged, as prescribed.
答え
C · Seizure precautions and close neurological checks
答え: A · The pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
これが答えになる理由
C-peptide is cleaved from proinsulin when insulin is made, so it reflects the body's own insulin production. A very low level suggests beta-cell loss, as in type 1 diabetes; in type 2 diabetes it is often normal or high early on.
答え
A · The pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · IV calcium gluconate (or chloride)
これが答えになる理由
With ECG changes, IV calcium is given first to stabilize the cardiac membrane within minutes. It does not lower potassium, so insulin with glucose (and sometimes albuterol/salbutamol) follows to shift potassium into cells, then binders, diuretics or dialysis remove it.