A patient has a blood pressure of 210/120 mmHg. Which finding would make this a hypertensive emergency?
AA history of high blood pressure for ten years
BForgetting to take the blood pressure tablet this morning
CNew chest pain or confusion suggesting organ damage
DMild anxiety about the high reading on the monitor
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
LPN/LVN が、安定していた患者に新たな胸痛が出たと報告しました。RN はどうすべきですか?
A自ら患者をアセスメントし、次のステップを決める
B看護助手に心電図を記録させて、結果を待つ
CLPN/LVN に対応を任せ、勤務終了時に報告するよう頼む
Dアセスメントなしに、頓用のニトログリセリンを投与するよう LPN/LVN に伝える
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
How are neuromuscular blocking drugs, such as vecuronium, safely stored?
ANext to common IV antibiotics so they are easy to find
BMixed in the same bin as other high-use drugs
CSeparate from other drugs, with a warning that they cause paralysis
DIn the general stock cupboard with the other IV drugs and no special labels
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Why can a patient with severe neutropenia have a serious infection but little redness, swelling or pus?
ANeutropenia makes infections stay limited to the skin
BThere are too few neutrophils to produce the usual inflammatory signs
CAntibiotics given with chemotherapy hide all signs of infection
DChemotherapy kills the bacteria before they can multiply
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A healthy woman at 28 weeks of pregnancy has a mildly lower hemoglobin than before pregnancy, with a normal MCV and ferritin. What is the most likely explanation?
APlasma volume rises more than red cell mass, diluting the blood
BIron is being lost through the kidneys during the pregnancy
CThe fetus is destroying the mother's red cells in the circulation
DPregnancy hormones stop the bone marrow from making red cells
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient's low calcium does not improve despite several days of calcium replacement. Which other electrolyte should be checked and corrected?
AChloride
BMagnesium
CBicarbonate
DSodium
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · On the patient's left side, close to the bed
これが答えになる理由
Placing the chair on the strong side lets the patient pivot and bear weight on the stronger leg, making the transfer safer.
答え
C · On the patient's left side, close to the bed
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Category 2
これが答えになる理由
Category 2 (Stage 2 in the US NPIAP system) is partial-thickness skin loss, seen as a shallow open ulcer with a pink-red bed or as a blister. Category 1 is intact skin; categories 3 and 4 are full thickness.
答え
B · Category 2
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Report it, as statins can cause muscle damage
これが答えになる理由
Statins can cause myopathy and, rarely, rhabdomyolysis. Unexplained muscle symptoms should be reported so creatine kinase can be checked and the drug reviewed.
答え
B · Report it, as statins can cause muscle damage
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · A base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
これが答えになる理由
Clear fluid from the nose or ear after head injury suggests a CSF leak from a skull base fracture, with a risk of meningitis. Nasal tubes and nose-blowing should be avoided and the patient reviewed urgently.
答え
C · A base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
答え: C · New chest pain or confusion suggesting organ damage
これが答えになる理由
Severe hypertension becomes an emergency when there is acute organ damage, such as chest pain, neurological changes or kidney injury. It needs urgent, controlled lowering of the blood pressure.
答え
C · New chest pain or confusion suggesting organ damage
答え: C · Separate from other drugs, with a warning that they cause paralysis
これが答えになる理由
Neuromuscular blockers stop breathing. They are stored apart from other drugs, often in sealed or colored containers with warnings such as “Paralyzing agent: causes respiratory arrest”.
答え
C · Separate from other drugs, with a warning that they cause paralysis
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · There are too few neutrophils to produce the usual inflammatory signs
これが答えになる理由
Classic signs of infection come from the inflammatory response, which depends on white blood cells. With very few neutrophils, fever may be the only early sign, so it must be taken seriously.
答え
B · There are too few neutrophils to produce the usual inflammatory signs
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Plasma volume rises more than red cell mass, diluting the blood
これが答えになる理由
In pregnancy, plasma volume increases by more than red cell mass, so the hemoglobin falls slightly (physiologic or dilutional anemia). Iron deficiency is still common in pregnancy and is checked with the MCV and ferritin.確認に用いた資料:Anemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答え
A · Plasma volume rises more than red cell mass, diluting the blood
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Magnesium
これが答えになる理由
Low magnesium reduces parathyroid hormone secretion and the body's response to it, so hypocalcemia does not correct until magnesium is replaced. The same applies to refractory hypokalemia.確認に用いた資料:Magnesium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)