BJust inside the anus, without passing the sphincter
CPast the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
DInto the middle of the stool in the rectum so it softens it
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Which nursing diagnosis is written in the problem–aetiology–signs (PES) format?
APain related to pain, as shown by the patient saying that it hurts a lot
BImpaired skin integrity related to immobility, as shown by a sacral wound
CTurn the patient every two hours to protect the skin
DPneumonia related to a bacterial infection in the right lung
3.臨床看護学ふつう
高齢の患者が病棟で転倒のリスクが高い状態です。最も適切な看護行為は?
A壊れないように患者の眼鏡を外しておく
Bすべての患者に自動的にベッド柵を使う
C患者を常にベッド上に制限する
Dナースコールと持ち物を手の届くところに置き、眠気を起こす薬を見直す
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has a blood pressure of 220/130 mmHg with headache, confusion and visual disturbance. Why is the blood pressure lowered in a controlled way rather than as fast as possible?
ARapid lowering causes hyperglycaemia
BRapid lowering always causes the hypertension to come back much worse
CBlood pressure cannot be lowered with drugs
DA sudden drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys
A patient with type 2 diabetes starts prednisone each morning. When is the glucose most likely to be highest?
AAt midnight only
BIn the afternoon and evening
CIn the early morning, before the dose
DThe glucose will not change
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with acute kidney injury after severe dehydration has a rising creatinine. Which urine findings support a prerenal cause rather than acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
ALow urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
BRed cell casts with heavy protein loss in the urine
CHigh urine sodium and dilute urine with muddy brown granular casts
DWhite cell casts with positive nitrites on the dipstick
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Past the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
これが答えになる理由
The suppository is pushed past the internal anal sphincter and placed against the rectal wall, usually with the patient lying on the left side. Placing it in stool stops absorption.
答え
C · Past the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Impaired skin integrity related to immobility, as shown by a sacral wound
これが答えになる理由
A PES statement gives the nursing problem, the related cause and the defining signs. Pneumonia is a medical diagnosis, turning is an intervention, and a cause cannot repeat the problem.
答え
B · Impaired skin integrity related to immobility, as shown by a sacral wound
答え: D · A sudden drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys
これが答えになる理由
In a hypertensive emergency, autoregulation in vital organs is reset to higher pressures. Lowering BP too fast can cause ischaemia, so it is reduced gradually under close monitoring.
答え
D · A sudden drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys
答え: C · Urine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
これが答えになる理由
Improving urine output, mental state and heart rate show better tissue perfusion. A rising heart rate and cool skin suggest ongoing shock, and new crackles may mean fluid overload.
答え
C · Urine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
A morning dose of prednisone raises glucose mainly in the afternoon and evening, with a smaller effect overnight. Glucose monitoring and insulin plans often target these times, and doses are adjusted when the steroid is tapered.確認に用いた資料:Blood Glucose Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · In the afternoon and evening
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Low urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
これが答えになる理由
In prerenal AKI the tubules are intact, so they keep sodium and water, giving a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. In ATN the damaged tubules cannot do this, so urine sodium is high, the urine is dilute and muddy brown casts appear.確認に用いた資料:Urine specific gravity test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Low urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity