A nurse teaches foot care to a patient with diabetes. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will soak my feet in hot water every evening.”
B“I will check the soles of my feet every day with a mirror.”
C“I will wear shoes that fit well, even at home.”
D“I will dry well between my toes after washing.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An adult choking on food is coughing forcefully and can speak a little. What should the nurse do?
AEncourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
BSweep the mouth blindly with a finger
CGive abdominal thrusts straight away until the food comes out
DGive the patient water to wash the food down
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Why are patients on long-term corticosteroids at higher risk from infections?
ASteroids make the patient’s blood more acidic, which helps bacteria grow
BSteroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
CSteroids kill the patient’s normal skin bacteria
DSteroids only affect the risk of fungal skin rashes
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
An IV bag from the pharmacy holds the correct drug, but the label shows another patient’s name. What should the nurse do?
AHang it, because the drug and dose are correct
BAsk the patient whether it is fine to use the bag
CNot hang it, and get a correctly labeled bag from the pharmacy
DCross out the name and write in the correct patient’s name
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2.0–3.0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?
AHigher, about 2.5–3.5
BMuch higher, about 5.0–6.0
CThe same, 2.0–3.0
DLower, about 1.0–1.5
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A woman who is 34 weeks pregnant has high blood pressure, right upper abdominal pain, a platelet count of 70 × 10³/µL, raised ALT and AST, and a raised LDH. Which condition fits best?
AHELLP syndrome
BAcute cholecystitis
CPhysiologic anemia of pregnancy
DGestational diabetes
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Airway and breathing
これが答えになる理由
After anaesthesia the airway and breathing are checked first, then circulation, consciousness, pain, the wound, drains and fluids.
答え: C · Wait about five minutes between the two drops
これが答えになる理由
Leaving a few minutes between different drops lets each one be absorbed. Gentle pressure on the inner corner of the eye can also reduce systemic absorption.
A tachyarrhythmia with adverse features such as shock, myocardial ischaemia or reduced consciousness is unstable. Urgent senior help is needed, and synchronised cardioversion is often used.
答え
B · Haemodynamic instability needing urgent treatment, possibly electrical cardioversion
答え: A · “I will soak my feet in hot water every evening.”
これが答えになる理由
Neuropathy can stop the patient feeling heat, so hot soaks can cause burns, and long soaking dries the skin. Daily checks, careful drying and well-fitting shoes are correct.
答え
A · “I will soak my feet in hot water every evening.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Encourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
これが答えになる理由
A partial obstruction with a forceful cough is best cleared by the patient’s own coughing. The nurse stays and is ready to act if the cough becomes weak or the patient cannot speak or breathe.
答え
A · Encourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Steroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
これが答えになる理由
Corticosteroids reduce white cell activity and inflammation, so infections develop more easily and may cause less fever or redness. Nurses watch closely for subtle signs.
答え
B · Steroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Not hang it, and get a correctly labeled bag from the pharmacy
これが答えになる理由
A label with another patient’s name means the bag may be meant for someone else or may differ in other ways. The nurse does not use it, returns it and reports the issue so the error can be investigated.
答え
C · Not hang it, and get a correctly labeled bag from the pharmacy
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Higher, about 2.5–3.5
これが答えになる理由
Mechanical heart valves, especially in the mitral position, have a high risk of thrombosis, so the INR target is usually higher, about 2.5–3.5. An INR of 5 or more carries a high bleeding risk.確認に用いた資料:Label: WARFARIN SODIUM tablet · DailyMed (NLM/FDA) (2012)
答え
A · Higher, about 2.5–3.5
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · HELLP syndrome
これが答えになる理由
HELLP stands for Hemolysis (raised LDH, falling hemoglobin), Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets. It is a severe form of preeclampsia that can cause liver rupture and bleeding, and it usually requires delivery.確認に用いた資料:HELLP syndrome · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)