On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37.9 °C and reduced breath sounds at the lung bases. Which nursing action is most helpful?
AEncourage deep breathing, coughing and use of the incentive spirometer
BRestrict oral fluids so that the lungs do not fill up with extra fluid
CKeep the patient lying flat in bed to rest the incision fully
DGive a cough suppressant so that the incision is not strained
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
At 08:00 a nurse has four tasks. Which order is best?
AGive routine medications, check the patient with a falling SpO₂, update care plans, give insulin with breakfast
BCheck the patient with a falling SpO₂, give insulin with breakfast, give routine medications, update care plans
CUpdate care plans, give insulin with breakfast, give routine medications, check the patient with a falling SpO₂
DGive insulin with breakfast, update care plans, check the patient with a falling SpO₂, give routine medications
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse wants to set up a sterile field in the morning for a procedure that will take place after lunch. What is correct?
ASet it up just before the procedure, because a waiting field may become contaminated
BSet it up in the morning and ask a colleague to check it once
CSet it up in the morning and cover it with a clean towel until the procedure starts
DSet it up in the morning and leave it uncovered in an empty room
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
急性の下痢で入院した患者に C. difficile 感染症が疑われます。検査結果は未着です。接触予防策はいつ開始しますか?
A患者が発熱したときだけ
B検査結果を待たず、直ちに
C下痢が3日続いた後
D検査結果が陽性で返ってきたときだけ
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
1 時間前に胸痛が始まった患者の、最初のトロポニンが正常でした。正しい解釈はどれですか?
Aトロポニンは、胸痛のある患者には役に立たない
B梗塞は否定されておらず、プロトコルに従ってトロポニンを再測定する
C患者はすぐに帰宅できる
D梗塞は否定されたので、それ以上のトロポニン検査は不要である
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient receiving chemotherapy has a white cell count of 1.8 × 10³/µL with 20% neutrophils and 5% bands. What is the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?
A1,800/µL
B360/µL
C4,500/µL
D450/µL
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · No more than 10 seconds
これが答えになる理由
Rescuers look, listen and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If breathing is absent or not normal, they call for help and start CPR.
答え: C · Report it, as statins can cause muscle damage
これが答えになる理由
Statins can cause myopathy and, rarely, rhabdomyolysis. Unexplained muscle symptoms should be reported so creatine kinase can be checked and the drug reviewed.
答え: A · Encourage deep breathing, coughing and use of the incentive spirometer
これが答えになる理由
Reduced basal breath sounds and a mild temperature early after surgery often mean atelectasis. Deep breathing, coughing, incentive spirometry and early mobilization help re-expand the lungs.
答え
A · Encourage deep breathing, coughing and use of the incentive spirometer
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Check the patient with a falling SpO₂, give insulin with breakfast, give routine medications, update care plans
これが答えになる理由
A falling SpO₂ is a possible breathing problem and comes first. Insulin must be matched to the meal, routine medications have a time window, and documentation such as care plans comes last.
答え
B · Check the patient with a falling SpO₂, give insulin with breakfast, give routine medications, update care plans
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Set it up just before the procedure, because a waiting field may become contaminated
これが答えになる理由
The longer a sterile field is exposed, the more likely it is to be contaminated, and an unattended field cannot be considered sterile. It is prepared just before use.
答え
A · Set it up just before the procedure, because a waiting field may become contaminated
トロポニンは、症状の発現直後には正常のことがあります。梗塞を確定または除外するには、心電図や症状とあわせた連続測定が必要です。多くのプロトコルでは、高感度トロポニンを 1~3 時間後に再測定します。確認に用いた資料:Troponin Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
B · 梗塞は否定されておらず、プロトコルに従ってトロポニンを再測定する
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · 450/µL
これが答えになる理由
ANC = 1,800 × (0.20 + 0.05) = 450/µL. A value below 500/µL is severe neutropenia with a high risk of serious infection, so neutropenic precautions and early reporting of fever are essential.確認に用いた資料:Blood Differential · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)