A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?
AGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean
BGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
CGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
DGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1.4 to 2.0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?
AReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
BGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
CIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function
DRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · At eye level, reading the lowest point of the curved surface
これが答えになる理由
The cup is placed on a flat surface and read at eye level at the bottom of the meniscus. An oral syringe is more accurate for small volumes.
答え
D · At eye level, reading the lowest point of the curved surface
答え: B · The cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
これが答えになる理由
Hypothermia reduces the brain's oxygen needs, and good recoveries have occurred after long resuscitation. Death is usually not confirmed until the patient has been rewarmed, unless injuries are clearly not survivable.
答え
B · The cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
答え: D · Check for signs of low calcium and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Damage to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery can cause hypocalcemia. Tingling, muscle cramps and a positive Chvostek or Trousseau sign need prompt reporting and calcium replacement as prescribed.
答え
D · Check for signs of low calcium and inform the provider
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Check two identifiers against the wristband and the medication record
これが答えになる理由
The nurse uses at least two identifiers, such as full name and date of birth, checked against the wristband and record. Open questions (“Please tell me your name”) are safer than yes/no questions.
答え
A · Check two identifiers against the wristband and the medication record
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · The patient’s identity is checked against the blood product and its paperwork at the bedside
これが答えになる理由
Wrong-patient transfusion can cause a fatal ABO reaction, so the final check is always done at the bedside, with positive patient identification against the product label, compatibility tag and order. Many US hospitals require two qualified people for this check, while UK guidance allows one trained person if positive identification is used. Local policy decides who checks.
答え
D · The patient’s identity is checked against the blood product and its paperwork at the bedside
答え: C · Give several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
これが答えになる理由
Usually a series of three sputum samples is collected, at least one in the early morning, when secretions have pooled overnight. The patient rinses with water (not mouthwash), takes deep breaths and coughs deeply to bring up sputum, not saliva. Airborne precautions are used.確認に用いた資料:Sputum Culture · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) Tests · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Give several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
これが答えになる理由
A creatinine rise of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours meets the criteria for AKI, and contrast is a recognized risk factor, especially in CKD and diabetes. The nurse reports it, monitors fluid balance and holds metformin until kidney function is reviewed, as metformin can accumulate.確認に用いた資料:Acute Kidney Injury · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Abdominal CT scan · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Acute kidney failure · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed