A patient’s chest tube becomes disconnected from the drainage system. What should the nurse do first?
AWait for the provider to arrive before doing anything else
BRemove the tube and cover the site
CPlace the end of the tube in a bottle of sterile water
DClamp the tube for the rest of the shift
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient who is 7 weeks pregnant has one-sided lower abdominal pain, pain in the shoulder tip, a heart rate of 120/min and a blood pressure of 88/54 mmHg. What is most likely?
AA urinary tract infection
BA normal early pregnancy
CSevere morning sickness
DA ruptured ectopic pregnancy
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has leftover opioid tablets after surgery. Which advice about disposal is best?
ALeave them in the bathroom cabinet indefinitely
BKeep them in an unlocked drawer at home in case of future pain
CReturn them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
DGive them to a friend or relative who has back pain
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Who should mark the operative site before surgery?
AThe person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
BThe admitting clerk, using the information written on the consent form
CAny member of the operating room team after anesthesia starts
DThe patient, alone, using a marker pen at home on the night before surgery
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A nurse completed the hepatitis B vaccine series. Which result shows protective immunity?
AA positive IgM anti-HBc
BAnti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
CA raised ALT level
DA positive HBsAg test
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1.4 to 2.0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?
ARestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast
BIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function
CGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
DReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · The quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
これが答えになる理由
PQRST covers Provoking or palliating factors, Quality, Region and radiation, Severity and Timing. Describing the quality helps identify the cause of the pain.
答え
A · The quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Removing the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
これが答えになる理由
The infection risk grows with each day of catheterisation, so the most effective step is avoiding unnecessary catheters and removing them early. Routine bladder washouts and frequent bag changes break the closed system and add risk.
答え
B · Removing the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Driven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
これが答えになる理由
Nebulisers driven by high-flow oxygen can raise PaCO2 in patients at risk. Air-driven nebulisers are used, with supplementary oxygen via nasal cannulae to keep saturation in the target range.
答え
B · Driven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Raising the head of the bed to about 30° with the head kept midline
これが答えになる理由
Head elevation and a midline neck position help venous drainage from the brain. Neck flexion, tight tube ties, coughing, straining and unnecessary suctioning can all raise intracranial pressure.
答え
A · Raising the head of the bed to about 30° with the head kept midline
答え: C · Place the end of the tube in a bottle of sterile water
これが答えになる理由
Putting the tube end in sterile water creates a temporary water seal until a new drainage system is connected. Long clamping can cause a tension pneumothorax, and the nurse does not remove the tube.
答え
C · Place the end of the tube in a bottle of sterile water
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · A ruptured ectopic pregnancy
これが答えになる理由
A ruptured ectopic pregnancy causes internal bleeding, with abdominal pain, shoulder-tip pain and signs of shock. It is a surgical emergency.
答え
D · A ruptured ectopic pregnancy
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Return them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
これが答えになる理由
Returning unused opioids to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site is the preferred way to dispose of them. Leftover opioids at home can be misused or taken by children or pets.
答え
C · Return them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · The person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
これが答えになる理由
Under the Universal Protocol, the site is marked by the person performing the procedure, or an authorized delegate, ideally while the patient is awake and can confirm it. This helps prevent wrong-site surgery.
答え
A · The person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Anti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
これが答えになる理由
An anti-HBs level of at least 10 mIU/mL after vaccination indicates protection. HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc indicate infection, not immunity. Health care workers are often tested after vaccination.確認に用いた資料:Hepatitis virus panel · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · Anti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
これが答えになる理由
A creatinine rise of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours meets the criteria for AKI, and contrast is a recognized risk factor, especially in CKD and diabetes. The nurse reports it, monitors fluid balance and holds metformin until kidney function is reviewed, as metformin can accumulate.確認に用いた資料:Acute Kidney Injury · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Abdominal CT scan · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Acute kidney failure · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed