練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 60 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 2 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 84 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 16 時間、40 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 7 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
A patient has a new plaster cast that is still drying. How should the nurse handle it?
ABy covering it tightly with a plastic sheet
BBy resting it directly on a hard surface
CWith the fingertips, pressing firmly to test it
DWith the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which finding after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is expected and needs only reassurance and comfort measures?
ARight shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
BIncreasing abdominal pain with a temperature of 39 °C
CA heart rate of 125/min with a falling blood pressure
DYellow skin with dark urine on the second day
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Neisseria meningitidis 感染症の患者の飛沫予防策は、通常いつ中止しますか?
A抗菌薬の初回投与が済んだらすぐ
B患者が退院した後にのみ
C有効な抗菌薬による治療を24時間行った後
D熱が1時間下がった後
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
転倒予防策が最も必要な患者はどれですか?
A退院を待っていて、自力で歩ける患者
B最近混乱が出現し、鎮静薬を使用していて、歩行が不安定な高齢患者
C指を骨折したが、介助なしで安定して安全に歩ける若年成人
D指示に従える、意識清明で安静臥床中の患者
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient starts lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor). Which laboratory values should the nurse expect to be monitored?
ACalcium and phosphate
BTSH and free T4
CPotassium and creatinine
DALT and bilirubin
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient with severe neutropenia after chemotherapy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll avoid people who have a cold or the flu"
B"I'll call the clinic if my temperature rises"
C"I'll wash my hands before eating and after the toilet"
D"I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Explain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
これが答えになる理由
An adult with capacity can discharge themselves. The nurse explains the risks, involves the doctor, offers follow-up and documents the decision; detaining them would be unlawful.
答え
B · Explain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
答え: D · Review and stop treatments that no longer help, and focus on comfort
これが答えになる理由
When dying is recognised, non-beneficial interventions are stopped and anticipatory medicines for symptoms such as pain, agitation and secretions are prescribed. Clear communication with the patient and family is essential.
答え
D · Review and stop treatments that no longer help, and focus on comfort
答え: D · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
これが答えになる理由
A wet plaster cast can be dented by fingertips, causing pressure points under the cast. It is handled with the palms, supported on pillows and left uncovered to dry.
答え
D · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
これが答えになる理由
Gas used to inflate the abdomen irritates the diaphragm and causes referred shoulder pain, which settles in a day or two. Jaundice, fever with worsening pain and signs of shock suggest complications.
答え
A · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone, so potassium can rise, and they lower the filtration pressure in the kidney, so creatinine can rise. Both are checked before and soon after starting or increasing the dose.確認に用いた資料:Hyperkalemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2025)
答え
C · Potassium and creatinine
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · "I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
これが答えになる理由
Rectal temperatures, suppositories and enemas are avoided in neutropenia, because injury to the rectal mucosa can let bacteria into the blood. Prompt reporting of fever, hand hygiene and avoiding sick contacts are correct.
答え
D · "I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"