An anxious patient is breathing very fast and has tingling fingers. The blood gas shows pH 7.51 and PaCO₂ 29 mmHg (3.9 kPa). What should the nurse do first?
AStay with the patient and coach slow, calm breathing
BGive oxygen at the highest flow and leave the room
CEncourage the patient to breathe even faster
DGive IV sodium bicarbonate as soon as it can be found
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient in labor is receiving oxytocin, and the fetal monitor shows repeated late decelerations. What should the nurse do first?
AStop the oxytocin infusion
BPlace the patient flat on her back
CEncourage the patient to start pushing
DIncrease the oxytocin rate
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Hair must be removed from a planned surgical site. Which method reduces the risk of surgical site infection?
AClipping with electric clippers just before surgery
BShaving with a razor just before the incision
CUsing wax strips on the morning of surgery
DShaving with a disposable razor the night before surgery
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient refuses to wear an identification wristband. What should the nurse do?
AStop giving the patient any care until they agree to wear the band
BExplain why it is needed, use other ID methods per policy and document
CForce the band onto the patient’s wrist
DAccept the refusal and identify the patient by room number and bed space instead
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A pregnant woman's blood type is O Rh-negative, and her antibody screen (indirect Coombs test) is negative. What is usually offered at about 28 weeks?
AA transfusion of group O Rh-positive red cells
BAn IV dose of vitamin K given for the fetus
CAnti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
DDaily oral iron and folic acid supplements only
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL (112 g/L), an MCV of 64 fL, a normal ferritin and a normal-to-high red cell count. What is the most likely cause?
AThalassemia trait
BAcute blood loss
CIron deficiency
DVitamin B12 deficiency
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · A laxative
これが答えになる理由
Because opioid-induced constipation is so common, a regular laxative is usually prescribed with regular opioids, and bowel movements are monitored.
答え
A · A laxative
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Give the first IV antibiotic dose to a patient with suspected sepsis
これが答えになる理由
In sepsis antibiotics are time-critical, and every hour of delay increases the risk of death. Routine tasks are done afterwards.
答え
B · Give the first IV antibiotic dose to a patient with suspected sepsis
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Frequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
これが答えになる理由
Regular mouth care with moist swabs, water sprays and lip balm relieves a dry mouth in the last days of life. Families can be shown how to help.
答え
A · Frequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · "I can push a knitting needle down the cast to scratch an itch."
これが答えになる理由
Pushing objects under a cast can injure the skin and cause infection or pressure sores. Elevation, keeping the cast dry and reporting numbness, colour change or increasing pain are correct.
答え
B · "I can push a knitting needle down the cast to scratch an itch."
PEA は、波形だけでなくベッドサイドで確認して判断します。これは試験対策の練習であり、臨床の指針ではありません。
13.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Stay with the patient and coach slow, calm breathing
これが答えになる理由
These results show respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation. Calming the patient and coaching slower breathing lets carbon dioxide return to normal; the nurse also looks for physical causes.
答え
A · Stay with the patient and coach slow, calm breathing
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Stop the oxytocin infusion
これが答えになる理由
Late decelerations point to reduced blood flow through the placenta. Stopping oxytocin reduces contractions; the nurse then turns the patient onto her side, gives IV fluids as prescribed and informs the provider.
答え
A · Stop the oxytocin infusion
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Clipping with electric clippers just before surgery
これが答えになる理由
Razors cause tiny skin cuts that bacteria can colonize, which raises the infection risk. If hair must be removed, clippers are used close to the time of surgery.
答え
A · Clipping with electric clippers just before surgery
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Explain why it is needed, use other ID methods per policy and document
これが答えになる理由
The nurse explains how the band prevents errors. If the patient still refuses, the nurse follows policy for alternative identification using two identifiers, informs the team and documents it.
答え
B · Explain why it is needed, use other ID methods per policy and document
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Anti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
これが答えになる理由
An Rh-negative mother can form anti-D antibodies if Rh-positive fetal blood enters her circulation, which can cause hemolytic disease in a later pregnancy. Anti-D immunoglobulin at about 28 weeks and after delivery of an Rh-positive baby prevents this sensitization.確認に用いた資料:Red Blood Cell Antibody Screen · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Hemolytic disease of the newborn · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Anti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Thalassemia trait
これが答えになる理由
Thalassemia trait causes microcytosis from reduced globin production, often with a normal or high red cell count and normal ferritin. Iron deficiency has low ferritin. Iron supplements do not help thalassemia trait and can cause iron overload.確認に用いた資料:Thalassemia - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Red Blood Cell (RBC) Indices · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)