A nurse teaches a patient who has started warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“If I miss a dose, I will take two the next day.”
B“I will use a soft toothbrush.”
C“I will tell my dentist and pharmacist that I take warfarin.”
D“I will keep my INR blood test appointments.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back pain, a pulsing mass in the abdomen and a falling blood pressure. What should the nurse do?
ACall for emergency help at once and prepare for urgent surgery
BPalpate the mass firmly to check its size and spread
CEncourage the patient to walk to ease the back pain
DGive an oral analgesic and reassess the patient in about one hour
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A newly hired nurse had BCG vaccine as a child. Which TB screening test is usually preferred?
AA tuberculin skin test, which is read 24 hours after it is placed
BNo screening, because BCG prevents all TB
CA chest x-ray every month for the first year
DAn interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
抗がん剤の入ったバッグが漏れて床にこぼれました。最初の対応は何ですか?
Aスピルキットの防護具を着用し、こぼれた薬液を封じ込める
B清掃員にいつものモップで拭いてもらう
C乾くまで放置し、勤務の終わりに片付ける
Dペーパータオルと素手ですばやく拭き取る
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
BThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
CSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
DDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
SIADH に合致する結果のパターンはどれですか?
Aナトリウムは正常で、非常に薄い尿
B血清ナトリウムの低下、血清浸透圧の上昇、薄い尿
C血清ナトリウムの低下、血清浸透圧の低下、濃縮した尿
D血清ナトリウムの上昇、血清浸透圧の上昇、非常に薄い尿
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · To prevent lumpy fatty swelling that affects absorption
これが答えになる理由
Injecting in the same place causes lipohypertrophy, which makes absorption unpredictable. Patients rotate within an area and check sites for lumps.
答え
C · To prevent lumpy fatty swelling that affects absorption
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Late doses can cause severe stiffness, falls and swallowing problems
これが答えになる理由
Levodopa wears off quickly, and delays can cause rigidity, falls, swallowing difficulty and aspiration. It is a time-critical medicine in hospital.
答え
B · Late doses can cause severe stiffness, falls and swallowing problems
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Respiratory acidosis
これが答えになる理由
A raised PaCO2 with a low pH means the lungs are not removing enough CO2, for example from hypoventilation. A normal bicarbonate suggests it is acute.
答え
A · Respiratory acidosis
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · Symptoms can return later in a biphasic reaction
これが答えになる理由
Some patients have a second wave of symptoms hours after the first, called a biphasic reaction. Observation, an adrenaline auto-injector where indicated and allergy referral are part of safe discharge.
答え
B · Symptoms can return later in a biphasic reaction
答え: A · “If I miss a dose, I will take two the next day.”
これが答えになる理由
Doubling a missed warfarin dose raises the risk of bleeding. Patients are taught to follow the prescriber’s instructions for missed doses, and the other statements are correct.
答え
A · “If I miss a dose, I will take two the next day.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Call for emergency help at once and prepare for urgent surgery
これが答えになる理由
Sudden severe back or abdominal pain with hypotension in a patient with an aneurysm suggests rupture, which is fatal without urgent surgery. The mass should not be palpated firmly.
答え
A · Call for emergency help at once and prepare for urgent surgery
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
これが答えになる理由
BCG vaccine can cause a false-positive tuberculin skin test. IGRA blood tests are not affected by BCG, so they are preferred for people who have had the vaccine.
答え
D · An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
答え: D · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
これが答えになる理由
Blood in the upper gut is digested, and the absorbed protein is converted to urea, so the BUN rises out of proportion to the creatinine. Reduced kidney blood flow from volume loss can add to the rise.確認に用いた資料:BUN - blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea