A patient has a new plaster cast that is still drying. How should the nurse handle it?
ABy resting it directly on a hard surface
BBy covering it tightly with a plastic sheet
CWith the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
DWith the fingertips, pressing firmly to test it
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which finding after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is expected and needs only reassurance and comfort measures?
AA heart rate of 125/min with a falling blood pressure
BIncreasing abdominal pain with a temperature of 39 °C
CYellow skin with dark urine on the second day
DRight shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse’s hands are dry and cracked from frequent hand hygiene. What is the best approach?
AStop hand hygiene until the skin heals
BWear gloves all day instead of cleaning the hands between patients
CUse any lotion from home, whatever its contents
DUse the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient receiving chemotherapy has an absolute neutrophil count of 400/mm3 (0.4 × 109/L) and a new temperature of 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). What should the nurse do?
AEncourage oral fluids and record the result in the chart
BReport it at once, because fever with severe neutropenia is an emergency
CRecheck the temperature in four hours before calling anyone about it
DGive an antipyretic and reassess at the next routine round
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A 55-year-old has a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) during routine screening. What is the usual next step?
ARepeat the test in 10 years
BStart an iron supplement only
CNo action if there are no symptoms
DReferral for colonoscopy
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on digoxin has a calcium of 12.1 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) and new nausea and a slow pulse. Why is the calcium result important?
AHigh calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
BHigh calcium blocks digoxin, so the drug stops working
CHigh calcium only matters if the potassium is also high
DHigh calcium makes the kidneys clear digoxin faster
答え: B · Inform the surgeon so consent can be discussed again before surgery
これが答えになる理由
Consent is valid only if the patient understands the procedure, risks and alternatives. The nurse advocates for the patient and asks the person doing the procedure to discuss it again.
答え
B · Inform the surgeon so consent can be discussed again before surgery
The glucose in 5% glucose is metabolised, leaving free water that dilutes the plasma sodium further. Postoperative patients often have raised ADH, so large volumes of hypotonic fluid can cause dangerous hyponatraemia.
PEA は、波形だけでなくベッドサイドで確認して判断します。これは試験対策の練習であり、臨床の指針ではありません。
13.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
これが答えになる理由
A wet plaster cast can be dented by fingertips, causing pressure points under the cast. It is handled with the palms, supported on pillows and left uncovered to dry.
答え
C · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
これが答えになる理由
Gas used to inflate the abdomen irritates the diaphragm and causes referred shoulder pain, which settles in a day or two. Jaundice, fever with worsening pain and signs of shock suggest complications.
答え
D · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Use the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
これが答えになる理由
Cracked skin is harder to clean and harbors more organisms. Facility-approved lotions help keep the skin healthy without reducing the effect of hand antiseptics such as chlorhexidine.
答え
D · Use the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Report it at once, because fever with severe neutropenia is an emergency
これが答えになる理由
Febrile neutropenia can progress to sepsis quickly. The nurse reports it immediately so cultures can be taken and antibiotics started without delay.
答え
B · Report it at once, because fever with severe neutropenia is an emergency
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Referral for colonoscopy
これが答えになる理由
A positive FIT means hidden blood in the stool, which may come from a polyp, cancer or other lesion, so a colonoscopy is needed to find the source. A positive screening test is never ignored, even without symptoms.確認に用いた資料:Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
D · Referral for colonoscopy
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · High calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Hypercalcemia, like hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin and raises the risk of toxic arrhythmias. Nausea and bradycardia suggest toxicity, so the nurse holds the dose and reports the findings.
答え
A · High calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity