A peripheral IV site is red, warm and tender along the vein. What should the nurse do?
AFlush the catheter harder to clear the vein and keep using the same site
BApply a warm pack and keep using the same site
CRemove the catheter and insert a new one at another site if still needed
DIncrease the infusion rate to finish the bag sooner
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis who is going home on treatment. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will cover my mouth with a tissue when I cough.”
B“I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
C“I will need to take my medicines for several months.”
D“I will come back for sputum tests as planned.”
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
肝不全の患者が、ワルファリンを服用していないのに INR が上昇することがあるのはなぜですか?
Aアルブミンは凝固因子であり、その値が低下する
B腎臓が、血液中から凝固因子を排除しなくなる
C肝臓が大半の凝固因子を作るため、産生が低下する
Dビリルビンが、凝固因子を直接破壊する
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A man of Mediterranean descent develops dark urine, jaundice and a falling hemoglobin a few days after eating fava beans. Which condition is most likely?
ASickle cell crisis with vaso-occlusion
BVitamin B12 deficiency anemia
CG6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
DIron-deficiency anemia from poor diet
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Faecal impaction with overflow
これが答えになる理由
Overflow happens when liquid stool seeps around impacted hard faeces. Giving antidiarrhoeal drugs would make it worse; the nurse reports it for assessment and treatment.
答え
D · Faecal impaction with overflow
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Use a soft toothbrush and avoid IM injections where possible
これが答えになる理由
A low platelet count raises the risk of bleeding. Bleeding precautions include soft toothbrushes, electric razors, avoiding IM injections and avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs.
答え
D · Use a soft toothbrush and avoid IM injections where possible
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Reassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work
これが答えになる理由
The effect of analgesia should be reassessed when it is expected to work, with side effects such as sedation and breathing checked. The result is documented and the plan adjusted.
答え
D · Reassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
これが答えになる理由
Hypertension usually needs long-term treatment; stopping because readings are normal often makes blood pressure rise again. Patients should discuss any changes with their prescriber.
答え
B · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
答え: C · Remove the catheter and insert a new one at another site if still needed
これが答えになる理由
Redness, warmth and tenderness along the vein indicate phlebitis, which can lead to infection. The catheter is removed and, if IV access is still needed, a new one is placed at a different site.
答え
C · Remove the catheter and insert a new one at another site if still needed
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · “I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
これが答えになる理由
TB treatment lasts several months, and stopping when symptoms improve can lead to relapse and drug-resistant TB. Covering coughs and attending follow-up for sputum tests are correct.
答え
B · “I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · 肝臓が大半の凝固因子を作るため、産生が低下する
これが答えになる理由
肝臓は、ビタミン K 依存性のものを含め、大半の凝固因子を作ります。重度の肝疾患ではその産生が低下するため、INR が上昇します。INR の上昇は、肝不全の重症度を示すマーカーの 1 つです。確認に用いた資料:Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · 肝臓が大半の凝固因子を作るため、産生が低下する
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · G6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
これが答えになる理由
G6PD deficiency makes red cells vulnerable to oxidative damage. Fava beans, some drugs (such as primaquine and some sulfonamides) and infections can trigger acute hemolysis, with dark urine, jaundice and anemia. Triggers are avoided.