AGetting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
BCounting the tablets in the ward drug trolley at the start of each shift
COrdering new stock from the pharmacy
DChanging all the patient's medicines to hospital brands
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Which sign is usually a late sign of hypoxia?
ACyanosis
BA rising heart rate
CA rising respiratory rate
DRestlessness
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Long-term amiodarone treatment can affect which of the following?
AThe sense of smell and taste only, with no other effects
BBlood glucose and cholesterol only
CThyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
DHair colour and nail growth only, with no effect on organs
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with severe ulcerative colitis develops abdominal distension, fever and tachycardia, and the number of stools falls. What complication should be suspected?
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 65 kg、身長は 179 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
65 kg179 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
9.経腸栄養・静脈栄養の計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 57 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.3 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 40 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 20 時間、45 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 7 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
57 kg1.3 g/kg/日40 g/L45 mL/h · 20 h7 g/スクープ
n =
10.経腸栄養・静脈栄養の計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 9 kg の子どもが、5% デキストロースを 55 mL/h で受けています。糖注入速度 GIR を mg/kg/min で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
A patient has a new plaster cast that is still drying. How should the nurse handle it?
AWith the fingertips, pressing firmly to test it
BBy covering it tightly with a plastic sheet
CWith the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
DBy resting it directly on a hard surface
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A day after a femur fracture, a young patient becomes confused and breathless, with small red spots on the chest. What should the nurse suspect?
ANormal pain after a fracture
BFat embolism syndrome
CAn allergic reaction to the cast
DAlcohol withdrawal
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
An adult with hepatitis A is incontinent of stool. Which precautions are used?
AA protective environment with filtered air
BAirborne precautions in a negative-pressure room with the door closed
CContact precautions in addition to standard precautions
DDroplet precautions with a surgical mask
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nursing student describes how they remove PPE (gown, gloves and a mask worn for splash protection) at the doorway before leaving a contact precautions room. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
B“I roll the gown inward as I take it off.”
C“I remove my gloves without touching the outside with my bare hand.”
D“I clean my hands as soon as all the PPE is off.”
A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1.4 to 2.0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?
AIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function
BRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast
CGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
DReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Getting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
これが答えになる理由
Medicines reconciliation compares the patient's own medicines with what is prescribed in hospital, using several sources, so that changes are intended and errors are avoided.
答え
A · Getting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Cyanosis
これが答えになる理由
Early hypoxia causes restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia and tachypnoea as the body compensates. Cyanosis appears late, when a lot of haemoglobin is already deoxygenated, so nurses should not wait for it.
答え
A · Cyanosis
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Thyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
これが答えになる理由
Amiodarone can cause hypo- or hyperthyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis, liver problems and photosensitivity. Regular monitoring of thyroid and liver function is needed.
答え
C · Thyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Toxic megacolon
これが答えになる理由
Toxic megacolon is acute dilatation of the inflamed colon with systemic toxicity, and it can perforate. Reduced stool frequency with worsening distension is a warning sign needing urgent surgical review.
答え: C · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
これが答えになる理由
A wet plaster cast can be dented by fingertips, causing pressure points under the cast. It is handled with the palms, supported on pillows and left uncovered to dry.
答え
C · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Fat embolism syndrome
これが答えになる理由
Fat embolism syndrome usually appears 24–72 hours after a long bone fracture, with breathing problems, confusion and a petechial rash. It needs oxygen and urgent escalation.
答え
B · Fat embolism syndrome
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Contact precautions in addition to standard precautions
これが答えになる理由
Hepatitis A spreads through fecal contamination. For a patient who is incontinent or in diapers, contact precautions are added to standard precautions to prevent spread on hands and surfaces.
答え
C · Contact precautions in addition to standard precautions
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · “I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
これが答えになる理由
Gloves are the most contaminated item and are removed first, so dirty gloves do not touch the face or mask. Gown and gloves are taken off at the doorway before leaving the room, and hand hygiene follows. The other steps are correct.
答え
A · “I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · カルシウムの多くはアルブミンに結合しているため、イオン化カルシウムが正常でも総カルシウムは低下する
B · カルシウムの多くはアルブミンに結合しているため、イオン化カルシウムが正常でも総カルシウムは低下する
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
これが答えになる理由
A creatinine rise of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours meets the criteria for AKI, and contrast is a recognized risk factor, especially in CKD and diabetes. The nurse reports it, monitors fluid balance and holds metformin until kidney function is reviewed, as metformin can accumulate.確認に用いた資料:Acute Kidney Injury · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Abdominal CT scan · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Acute kidney failure · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed