A patient on a nasal cannula at 6 L/min still has a low SpO₂. What should the nurse do?
ARecheck the SpO₂ at the next routine set of observations in four hours
BReport it, because a different oxygen device is likely to be needed
CTurn the nasal cannula up to 15 L/min
DRemove the oxygen to see if the SpO₂ changes
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
After cardiac surgery, a patient becomes hypotensive with distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds, and chest drain output has suddenly stopped. What should the nurse suspect?
ALeft-sided heart failure
BA blocked urinary catheter
CCardiac tamponade
DHypovolemic shock from dehydration
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which drugs are used as antidotes for nerve agent poisoning?
ANaloxone and flumazenil
BVitamin K and protamine
CAtropine and pralidoxime
DAcetylcysteine and charcoal
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
In START triage at a mass-casualty incident, a casualty cannot walk, breathes 20 times a minute, has a radial pulse and follows simple commands. Which category applies?
AYellow (delayed)
BGreen (minor)
CBlack (expectant or dead)
DRed (immediate)
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?
AIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
BThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes
CIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
DIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on IV gentamicin has a trough level above the target, and the creatinine has risen since yesterday. The next dose is due. What is the best action?
AHold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
BGive the dose now and recheck the levels next week
CGive half of the dose and document the reason for it
DGive the dose with extra oral fluids to protect the kidneys
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Lying on the left side
これが答えになる理由
Gravity sends more blood to the lower lung. Placing the healthy lung down matches more blood flow to the lung that is ventilating well, improving oxygenation.
PEA は、波形だけでなくベッドサイドで確認して判断します。これは試験対策の練習であり、臨床の指針ではありません。
13.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Report it, because a different oxygen device is likely to be needed
これが答えになる理由
Standard nasal cannulas are usually run at up to about 6 L/min; higher flows dry the nose without much benefit. If the patient still needs more oxygen, the nurse assesses and escalates for a different device.
答え
B · Report it, because a different oxygen device is likely to be needed
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Cardiac tamponade
これが答えになる理由
Hypotension, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds suggest fluid compressing the heart. A sudden stop in chest drain output can mean clots are trapping blood around the heart; this is an emergency.
答え
C · Cardiac tamponade
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Atropine and pralidoxime
これが答えになる理由
Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing excess acetylcholine. Atropine blocks muscarinic effects such as secretions and bradycardia, and pralidoxime helps to reactivate the enzyme.
答え
C · Atropine and pralidoxime
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Yellow (delayed)
これが答えになる理由
The casualty cannot walk, so is not green. Breathing is under 30 a minute, perfusion is adequate and they obey commands, so none of the red criteria apply. This makes them yellow, delayed.
答え
A · Yellow (delayed)
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · It measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
これが答えになる理由
In DKA, β-hydroxybutyrate is the main ketone, but most urine dipsticks detect acetoacetate, so they can underestimate ketosis. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate gives a current value that is also useful to monitor recovery.確認に用いた資料:Diabetic ketoacidosis - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · It measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Hold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
A high aminoglycoside trough with rising creatinine means the drug is accumulating, which increases the risk of kidney damage and hearing loss. The nurse holds the dose, reports to the prescriber and asks about hearing changes and tinnitus. Only the prescriber or pharmacist changes the regimen.確認に用いた資料:Gentamicin sulfate injection - Boxed Warning (US prescribing information) · Pfizer Medical Information (FDA label)
答え
A · Hold the dose and report the results to the prescriber