Using the Emergency Severity Index, which level fits a 70-year-old with chest pressure that suggests a heart attack, but normal vital signs?
ALevel 2
BLevel 4
CLevel 5
DLevel 1
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient on peritoneal dialysis has cloudy fluid draining out and abdominal pain. What does this most likely mean?
APeritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
BA normal finding at the end of each exchange
CToo much fluid left in the abdomen after the drain
DConstipation that will settle with a laxative later today or tomorrow
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient on nasal cannula oxygen has dry lips. Which product should the nurse offer?
AAn oil-based lip balm
BPetroleum jelly
CA scented petroleum ointment
DA water-based lip lubricant
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A flexible bronchoscope contacts mucous membranes but does not enter sterile tissue. Which level of processing is required at a minimum between patients?
A patient's total calcium is 7.6 mg/dL and the albumin is 2.0 g/dL. Using the common correction (add 0.8 mg/dL for each 1 g/dL that albumin is below 4.0), what is the corrected calcium?
A7.6 mg/dL, below the normal range
B6.0 mg/dL, well below the normal range
C9.2 mg/dL, within the normal range
D11.6 mg/dL, above the normal range
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Wear gloves and an apron and clean it with an approved disinfectant per policy
これが答えになる理由
Under standard precautions all blood is handled as potentially infectious. Spills are cleaned promptly using PPE and the spill kit or disinfectant set out in local policy.
答え
A · Wear gloves and an apron and clean it with an approved disinfectant per policy
Neutropenic sepsis is defined by a neutrophil count of 0.5 × 109/L or lower with fever or other signs of sepsis. It needs empirical antibiotics within one hour.
答え
A · 0.5 × 109/L
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · An arterial ulcer
これが答えになる理由
Arterial ulcers are usually on the feet or toes, painful and punched-out, with signs of poor perfusion. Venous ulcers are usually around the ankle, shallow and associated with swelling and skin staining.
Possible acute coronary syndrome is a high-risk situation, so the patient is ESI level 2 and should be seen very soon. Level 1 is kept for patients who need an immediate life-saving intervention.
答え
A · Level 2
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Peritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
これが答えになる理由
Cloudy effluent with abdominal pain is a classic sign of peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. The nurse reports it and sends a sample as prescribed so antibiotics can start.
答え
A · Peritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · A water-based lip lubricant
これが答えになる理由
Petroleum- and oil-based products can increase the risk of burns or fire in an oxygen-rich setting. A water-based lubricant is used instead.
答え
D · A water-based lip lubricant
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · High-level disinfection
これが答えになる理由
Items that touch mucous membranes or non-intact skin are semi-critical and need at least high-level disinfection after thorough cleaning. Inadequate reprocessing of endoscopes has caused outbreaks.
Corrected calcium = 7.6 + 0.8 × (4.0 − 2.0) = 9.2 mg/dL, which is normal. Low albumin lowers the bound fraction of calcium; the correction is only an estimate, and an ionized calcium is more accurate when it matters.確認に用いた資料:Calcium blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)