According to Erikson, what is the main developmental task of older adulthood?
AIdentity versus role confusion
BTrust versus mistrust
CIndustry versus inferiority
DIntegrity versus despair
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A nurse notices that the power cable of an infusion pump is frayed. What is the correct action?
AWrap tape around the cable and keep using it
BTake it out of use, label it as faulty and report it
CUnplug it and put it back in the equipment store
DUse it only for patients who are not seriously ill
3.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient has a fentanyl patch for chronic pain. Which advice is correct?
ACut the patch in half if the pain improves, to lower the dose
BApply the patch to broken skin for faster effect
CKeep using the old patch with the new one
DAvoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A conscious patient with hypoglycaemia was given fast-acting carbohydrate. On re-check 15 minutes later the blood glucose is 3.6 mmol/L (65 mg/dL). What should the nurse do next?
AGive a dose of subcutaneous insulin
BTake no action because the level is rising
CGive another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
DGive a long-acting carbohydrate snack only and recheck tomorrow
A patient admitted with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly got better, but now the abdomen is rigid and the heart rate is rising. What does this suggest?
AThe appendicitis is getting better without surgery
BThe pain has moved to a different, harmless place
CThe patient’s analgesic has finally started to work
DThe appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with delirium is at risk of falls and of pulling out lines. Which option is less restrictive than restraints?
AA trained sitter or video monitoring with staff nearby
BA sedative given every few hours as needed
CFour side rails raised and the door closed so the patient stays in bed
DA vest restraint applied for the whole night
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse has worked three long shifts in a row and feels exhausted. The manager asks the nurse to stay for another shift. What is the most appropriate response?
AAgree and drink extra coffee to stay alert
BAgree without telling anyone about the fatigue
CAgree, but skip the independent medication checks to save energy on the shift
DExplain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?
ATroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide
BThyroid function and serum calcium
CLiver function tests and platelet count
DSerum lithium and urine specific gravity
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient's creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL (80 µmol/L) on admission and is 1.3 mg/dL (115 µmol/L) 36 hours later. Using the common KDIGO criteria, what does this show?
AChronic kidney disease, because creatinine has risen above baseline
BAcute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours
CA laboratory error, because creatinine cannot change within 2 days
DNo kidney injury, because the creatinine is still within the normal range
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Integrity versus despair
これが答えになる理由
In late adulthood people review their lives. A sense of meaning brings integrity, while regret can lead to despair. Reminiscence can support this stage.
答え
D · Integrity versus despair
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Take it out of use, label it as faulty and report it
これが答えになる理由
Damaged electrical equipment can cause shocks or fires. It is removed from use, clearly labelled and reported for repair, and a safe replacement is found.
答え
B · Take it out of use, label it as faulty and report it
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Avoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch
これが答えになる理由
Heat increases absorption of fentanyl through the skin and can cause overdose. Old patches are removed and folded before disposal, and patches should not be cut unless the product allows it.
答え
D · Avoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
これが答えになる理由
If blood glucose remains below the threshold (4 mmol/L in UK guidance, 70 mg/dL in US guidance), the fast-acting treatment is repeated. Once it is above the threshold, a longer-acting carbohydrate such as a sandwich or the next meal helps prevent recurrence.
答え
C · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
答え: D · The appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
これが答えになる理由
A sudden ease in pain followed by a rigid abdomen and a rising pulse can mean rupture and peritonitis. This is a surgical emergency, so the nurse reports at once.
答え
D · The appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · A trained sitter or video monitoring with staff nearby
これが答えになる理由
Close observation by a sitter or video monitoring allows staff to step in quickly, without restricting the patient. It is often combined with reorientation and family presence.
答え
A · A trained sitter or video monitoring with staff nearby
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Explain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
これが答えになる理由
Long hours and fatigue increase errors and injuries. Nurses have a professional responsibility to judge whether they are fit to work safely and to say so clearly.
答え
D · Explain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Liver function tests and platelet count
これが答えになる理由
Valproate can cause liver toxicity and thrombocytopenia, so liver tests and the platelet count are monitored. It can also raise ammonia; confusion or vomiting should prompt an ammonia level.確認に用いた資料:Valproic Acid · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024)
答え
C · Liver function tests and platelet count
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Acute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours
これが答えになる理由
KDIGO defines AKI as a creatinine rise of at least 0.3 mg/dL (26.5 µmol/L) within 48 hours, a rise to 1.5 times baseline within 7 days, or urine output below 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 hours. A result inside the reference range can still be a significant rise.
答え
B · Acute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours