答え: A · A patient with reduced sensation from diabetic neuropathy
これが答えになる理由
Patients who cannot feel heat properly, such as those with neuropathy, spinal injury or reduced consciousness, can be burned without noticing. Their skin needs extra checks or heat should be avoided.
答え
A · A patient with reduced sensation from diabetic neuropathy
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
これが答えになる理由
When an airborne-precaution patient must leave the room, they wear a surgical mask to contain respiratory secretions. Staff in close contact still wear respirators as per policy, and the receiving department is informed.
答え
B · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Removing hair, if needed, with clippers rather than a razor
これが答えになる理由
Razors cause micro-abrasions that increase infection risk, so hair is removed only if necessary with clippers just before surgery. Keeping patients warm and good skin preparation also help.
答え
C · Removing hair, if needed, with clippers rather than a razor
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · A change in level of consciousness
これが答えになる理由
Subtle changes in consciousness, such as restlessness, confusion or a falling GCS, are often the first signs. Pupil changes and Cushing's triad (hypertension, bradycardia, irregular breathing) are late signs.
答え: C · “I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
これが答えになる理由
An incentive spirometer is used by breathing in slowly and deeply, then holding the breath briefly. Blowing into it does not expand the lungs.
答え
C · “I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Treat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
これが答えになる理由
When in doubt, treat as hypoglycemia. A little sugar will not harm a patient with high glucose, but untreated hypoglycemia can cause brain injury within minutes, and insulin could be fatal.
答え
A · Treat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Use the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
これが答えになる理由
Cracked skin is harder to clean and harbors more organisms. Facility-approved lotions help keep the skin healthy without reducing the effect of hand antiseptics such as chlorhexidine.
答え
C · Use the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
答え: D · Glucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
これが答えになる理由
A patient who cannot swallow safely must not receive anything by mouth because of the risk of aspiration. Glucagon (injected or intranasal) or IV dextrose raises the glucose; once awake and able to swallow, the patient is given oral carbohydrate and a snack.
答え
D · Glucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed