A patient on a medical unit tells the nurse he has a plan to end his life and has saved tablets at home. What is the priority action?
AAsk him to promise he will not harm himself
BReassure him that things usually look better in the morning after some sleep
CEnsure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
DArrange a psychiatry appointment for next week
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with a severe asthma attack had a PaCO₂ of 32 mmHg (4.3 kPa) on arrival. An hour later it is 46 mmHg (6.1 kPa), and the patient seems tired. What does this suggest?
AThe patient is hyperventilating even more than before and needs calming
BRespiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
CThe asthma is improving, because the PaCO₂ is now near normal
DA laboratory error that should be ignored
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has received oral radioactive iodine therapy. Which precaution is usually taken?
ALimit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
BLet the patient share a bathroom with other patients
CEncourage pregnant visitors to sit close to the patient to give emotional support
DPlace the patient on droplet precautions with a surgical mask
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
An 80-year-old patient took a sleeping tablet an hour ago and now wants to go to the bathroom. What should the nurse do?
AWalk with the patient to the bathroom and stay close by
BTell the patient to wait until the morning
CRaise all four side rails so the patient stays in bed
DTell the patient to go alone and use the call light if needed
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient taking furosemide has a potassium of 3.3 mEq/L and is told to eat more potassium-rich foods. Which snack is the best choice?
ADried apricots
BRice cakes
CWhite bread
DPlain crackers
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A stable patient's hemoglobin has been 13–14 g/dL for days. Today's result is 8.2 g/dL, but the patient feels well, the vital signs are normal and there is no bleeding. What should the nurse suspect first?
AAcute bone marrow failure overnight
BA sample taken from the wrong patient
CSudden massive internal bleeding
DA normal day-to-day variation in Hb
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Keep moving
これが答えになる理由
SSKIN stands for Surface, Skin inspection, Keep moving, Incontinence and moisture, and Nutrition and hydration. Regular repositioning relieves pressure on the skin.
答え
B · Keep moving
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · It can cause a fatal cardiac arrest
これが答えになる理由
A sudden rise in blood potassium can stop the heart. IV potassium is given diluted, by a controlled infusion and following strict policy, which is why concentrated forms are tightly controlled.
答え
B · It can cause a fatal cardiac arrest
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Spare tracheostomy tubes, including one a size smaller, and working suction
これが答えになる理由
Emergency equipment such as spare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction, oxygen and tracheal dilators must be at the bedside. This allows rapid management of a blocked or displaced tube.
答え
D · Spare tracheostomy tubes, including one a size smaller, and working suction
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · Restoring blood flow through the blocked coronary artery quickly
これが答えになる理由
ST-elevation myocardial infarction means a coronary artery is usually completely blocked. Urgent reperfusion by primary PCI, or thrombolysis if PCI is not available in time, limits the amount of heart muscle that dies.
答え
B · Restoring blood flow through the blocked coronary artery quickly
答え: C · Ensure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
これが答えになる理由
A patient with a plan and means is at high risk. Safety comes first: constant observation, removal of means and urgent referral. A “no-harm promise” does not protect the patient.
答え
C · Ensure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Respiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
これが答えになる理由
Early in an asthma attack, fast breathing lowers the PaCO₂. A rising, “normal” value in a tiring patient means they can no longer move enough air, which is a warning sign of respiratory failure.
答え
B · Respiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Limit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
これが答えになる理由
Radioactive iodine is excreted in urine, sweat and saliva, so the patient is usually in a private room with their own bathroom. Staff limit time near them, use distance and follow policy for body fluids and waste.
答え
A · Limit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Walk with the patient to the bathroom and stay close by
これが答えになる理由
Hypnotics cause drowsiness and unsteadiness, especially in older adults, and many falls happen on the way to the toilet at night. The nurse assists the patient rather than restricting them or leaving them alone.
答え
A · Walk with the patient to the bathroom and stay close by
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Dried apricots
これが答えになる理由
Dried fruits such as apricots, raisins and prunes are rich in potassium, as are bananas, oranges, potatoes, beans and tomatoes. Refined grain products such as white bread and crackers are low in potassium.確認に用いた資料:Potassium in diet · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Dried apricots
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · A sample taken from the wrong patient
これが答えになる理由
A sudden large change with no clinical change suggests a specimen error, such as wrong blood in the tube or dilution with IV fluid. The nurse assesses the patient, informs the provider and arranges a repeat sample with careful identification, while staying alert for true bleeding.