A nurse takes a telephone order from a provider. What must the nurse do?
ACarry out the order first and ask the provider to confirm it later
BAsk the ward clerk to take the order on the nurse’s behalf instead
CWrite the order down and read it back to the provider to confirm it
DRemember the order and write it in the chart at the end of the shift
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient has a chest drain for a pneumothorax. The nurse sees constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber. What does this most likely mean?
AAn air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking
BThe drain is working normally and no action is needed
CThe lung has fully re-expanded, so the drain is ready to come out
DThe suction is set too low and needs to be turned up
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A newly hired nurse had BCG vaccine as a child. Which TB screening test is usually preferred?
ANo screening, because BCG prevents all TB
BA chest x-ray every month for the first year
CA tuberculin skin test, which is read 24 hours after it is placed
DAn interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse finds a patient lying on the floor next to the bed. What should the nurse do first?
ALift the patient back into bed with a colleague
BTelephone the family to tell them about the fall
CComplete an incident report while the details are fresh
DAssess the patient for injury before moving them
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
How should a blood sample for serum ammonia be handled?
AKept warm and sent with the next routine batch
BPlaced on ice and sent to the laboratory at once
CShaken firmly to mix it before it is sent away
DLeft at room temperature for several hours first
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with a stable INR on warfarin starts rifampin (rifampicin) for tuberculosis. Two weeks later the INR is 1.3. What is the most likely explanation?
ARifampin speeds up warfarin metabolism
BRifampin raises the INR, so it is wrong
CRifampin contains a lot of vitamin K
DTuberculosis causes the INR to fall
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Hold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
これが答えになる理由
Splinting the incision with a pillow or folded towel supports the wound and reduces pain, so the patient can cough effectively and clear secretions.
答え
D · Hold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · A possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
これが答えになる理由
Increasing pain, odour, new exudate or delayed healing can signal infection even without fever, especially in older adults. The wound is assessed, the change reported and a swab taken if policy advises.
答え
A · A possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Just before or with a meal
これが答えになる理由
Rapid-acting insulins start working within minutes, so they are given with meals to match the glucose rise. Giving the dose without eating risks hypoglycaemia.
2:1 房室ブロック:QRS 1 つに P 波が 2 つあるとき、伝導した P 波が連続しないので、伝導されなかった P 波の前で PR が延びるか(I 型)、一定か(II 型)を判断できません。1 枚の波形からは 2:1 房室ブロックと呼びます。型は、より長い波形や伝導比の変化で決まります。QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、どちらも決め手にはなりません。
5つのステップ
1. 心拍数:R–R = 小さいマス目 36 個、1500 ÷ 36 ≈ 42 回/分。
2. リズム:整。すべての R–R は 1.44 秒です。
3. P波:陽性で整(P–P 0.72 秒、83 回/分)。QRS 1つにつき2個あります。
4. PR 間隔:伝導された拍では 0.18 秒で一定です。
5. QRS:0.08 秒で幅が狭い(0.12 秒未満)。
型が決まらない理由
2 つに 1 つの P 波が伝導されないので、伝導した拍動が連続せず、PR の延長を確認できません。
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
答え
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、決め手になるのは、より長い波形か伝導比の変化だけです。
13.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Write the order down and read it back to the provider to confirm it
これが答えになる理由
For telephone and verbal orders, the nurse writes down the full order and reads it back so the provider can confirm it. This “read-back” prevents errors from mishearing.
答え
C · Write the order down and read it back to the provider to confirm it
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · An air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking
これが答えになる理由
Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber signals an air leak. The nurse checks the connections from the patient to the drain and reports a leak that cannot be fixed.
答え
A · An air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
これが答えになる理由
BCG vaccine can cause a false-positive tuberculin skin test. IGRA blood tests are not affected by BCG, so they are preferred for people who have had the vaccine.
答え
D · An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Assess the patient for injury before moving them
これが答えになる理由
The first step is to stay with the patient and assess them, including consciousness, vital signs and signs of fracture or head injury, before deciding how to move them. Notifying the provider, documenting and reporting come afterwards.
答え
D · Assess the patient for injury before moving them
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Placed on ice and sent to the laboratory at once
これが答えになる理由
Ammonia can rise in a standing sample as red cells and proteins break down. The sample is usually placed on ice and analyzed promptly to avoid a falsely high result.
答え
B · Placed on ice and sent to the laboratory at once
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Rifampin speeds up warfarin metabolism
これが答えになる理由
Rifampin induces liver enzymes that break down warfarin, so warfarin's effect falls and the INR drops, increasing clot risk. The INR is monitored closely and the dose adjusted; the reverse happens when rifampin is stopped.