A patient shouts at the nurse that nobody has told them when their operation will be. What is the best first response?
AArgue back that the staff are very busy
BWalk away until the patient calms down by themselves
CTell the patient to stop shouting or leave the ward
DStay calm, listen and acknowledge their frustration
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses a blood transfusion that the team believes is needed. Which two ethical principles are in conflict?
AAutonomy and beneficence
BVeracity and non-maleficence
CJustice and veracity
DFidelity and justice
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Which advice is correct for a patient taking levothyroxine?
AStop taking it once the symptoms improve
BTake it with a large meal to avoid nausea and stomach upset
CTake it on an empty stomach, usually before breakfast
DTake it only on days when feeling tired
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with long-standing COPD has an arterial blood gas with pH 7.37, a raised PaCO2 and a raised bicarbonate. How is this best described?
答え: D · Stay calm, listen and acknowledge their frustration
これが答えになる理由
Listening calmly and acknowledging feelings often de-escalates anger. The nurse then finds out the answer or explains what will happen next. Staff safety is maintained throughout.
答え
D · Stay calm, listen and acknowledge their frustration
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Autonomy and beneficence
これが答えになる理由
The patient's right to decide (autonomy) conflicts with the team's wish to do good (beneficence). A valid refusal by a competent adult is respected, and alternatives to blood are explored.
答え
A · Autonomy and beneficence
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Take it on an empty stomach, usually before breakfast
これが答えになる理由
Levothyroxine is absorbed best on an empty stomach and is usually taken at the same time each morning. It is normally lifelong, with doses adjusted by thyroid blood tests.
答え
C · Take it on an empty stomach, usually before breakfast
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · Compensated respiratory acidosis
これが答えになる理由
Chronic CO2 retention is offset by the kidneys retaining bicarbonate, bringing the pH back to normal. A normal pH with high PaCO2 and high bicarbonate is a compensated respiratory acidosis.
答え: A · Check for pain, thirst or a full bladder, and offer toileting
これが答えになる理由
Patients with dementia may not be able to say what they need. Checking for pain, thirst or the need to void often relieves restlessness; restraints, full bed rails and sedation have risks and are not first choices.
答え
A · Check for pain, thirst or a full bladder, and offer toileting
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · “I will rub the area after the injection to help it absorb.”
これが答えになる理由
Rubbing the site after a low-molecular-weight heparin injection increases bruising. The abdomen away from the navel, rotating sites and reporting bleeding are correct.
答え
B · “I will rub the area after the injection to help it absorb.”
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · A shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
これが答えになる理由
Shower chairs, grab bars and non-slip surfaces reduce slips and falls. Bath oils make surfaces slippery, and a locked door delays help if the person falls.
答え
B · A shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Keep everyone inside, close windows and doors and shut off outside air intake
これが答えになる理由
Sheltering in place keeps people inside, away from the hazard. Windows and doors are closed and ventilation systems that bring in outside air are shut off until the all-clear.
答え
C · Keep everyone inside, close windows and doors and shut off outside air intake
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Metformin
これが答えになる理由
Metformin is cleared by the kidneys, and it is contraindicated when the eGFR is below 30 mL/min/1.73 m² because of the risk of lactic acidosis. Insulin doses may also need adjustment, but insulin is not contraindicated.