When should a blood sample for a digoxin level be drawn to be interpreted correctly?
AOnly after a meal, because food is needed for absorption
BWithin 30 minutes after an oral dose to show the peak level
CAt any time, because digoxin levels do not change during the day
DAt least 6–8 hours after a dose, often just before the next one
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient using an insulin pump has a glucose of 300 mg/dL (16.7 mmol/L) that has not fallen 2 hours after a correction bolus through the pump. Blood ketones are 1.8 mmol/L. What is the most likely problem and action?
ANormal pump function; wait for the next mealtime bolus to lower the glucose
BInsulin delivery failure; inject a correction dose by pen and change the set
CInsulin overdose from the pump; suspend the pump and stop all insulin for a day
DRebound after a hypo; give fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
Digoxin slows the heart rate and can cause dangerous bradycardia and arrhythmias in toxicity. The apical pulse is counted for a full minute, and a low or irregular rate is reported before giving it.
答え
C · The apical pulse for a full minute
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
これが答えになる理由
The CAM, and similar tools such as the 4AT, check for an acute onset or fluctuating course, inattention and disorganised thinking or altered consciousness. Early detection allows causes to be treated.
答え
A · The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Measuring and recording vital signs on a stable patient
これが答えになる理由
Routine observations on a stable patient are within the role of a trained assistant, with the nurse remaining accountable and reviewing the results. Assessment of new symptoms, IV medicines and initial teaching need registered nurse skills.
答え
C · Measuring and recording vital signs on a stable patient
答え: B · Organic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
これが答えになる理由
Blood, secretions and soil protect organisms and can inactivate disinfectants. Cleaning is always done first, followed by disinfection or sterilization as required.
答え
B · Organic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
答え: D · At least 6–8 hours after a dose, often just before the next one
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin distributes slowly from blood to tissues, so a sample taken too soon after a dose is falsely high. Levels are drawn at least 6–8 hours after a dose, commonly as a trough before the next dose.
答え
D · At least 6–8 hours after a dose, often just before the next one
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Insulin delivery failure; inject a correction dose by pen and change the set
これが答えになる理由
A high glucose that does not respond to a pump bolus, with rising ketones, suggests a kinked, blocked or dislodged cannula. Because pumps use only rapid-acting insulin, DKA can develop within hours. The usual advice is to give a correction dose by pen or syringe, change the infusion set, check glucose and ketones often, and seek help if ketones keep rising or vomiting starts.
答え
B · Insulin delivery failure; inject a correction dose by pen and change the set