AAt the bedside, in front of the patient, right after collection
BAt the nurses’ station before going to the patient, to save time
CBy the laboratory staff after the tubes arrive
DBack at the station after all the samples are collected
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient’s blood splashes onto a nurse’s forearm. The skin is intact. What is the correct response?
AStart HIV post-exposure prophylaxis right away, before any other step is taken
BDo nothing, because intact skin cannot be contaminated
CScrub the area with undiluted bleach
DWash the area with soap and water, then follow the reporting policy
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
重度の肝疾患と羽ばたき振戦のある患者の錯乱の原因を、最もよく反映する検査値はどれですか?
A血清アンモニアの上昇
B血清カリウムの低下のみ
Cトロポニンの上昇
D血清リパーゼの低下
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A stable patient's hemoglobin has been 13–14 g/dL for days. Today's result is 8.2 g/dL, but the patient feels well, the vital signs are normal and there is no bleeding. What should the nurse suspect first?
AA sample taken from the wrong patient
BA normal day-to-day variation in Hb
CAcute bone marrow failure overnight
DSudden massive internal bleeding
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · P
これが答えになる理由
AVPU stands for Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive. A response only to a painful stimulus is "P", a serious sign that needs urgent review.
Nocturnal hypoglycaemia can cause sweating, restless sleep, nightmares and morning headache. Checking glucose overnight and reviewing insulin doses can confirm and correct it.
答え
D · Night-time hypoglycaemia
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Not start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
これが答えになる理由
Positive patient identification, using an identity band checked against the blood unit and prescription, is essential before every transfusion. Wrong blood incidents can cause fatal ABO incompatibility reactions.
答え
A · Not start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
答え: C · A patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
これが答えになる理由
A neutropenic patient cannot fight infection well, so the roommate must not have a transmissible infection. A clean postoperative patient is the safest choice; ideally the neutropenic patient has a single room.
答え
C · A patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
答え: A · At the bedside, in front of the patient, right after collection
これが答えになる理由
Labeling tubes at the bedside, using two patient identifiers and in the patient’s presence, prevents wrong-patient specimens. Pre-labeled or later-labeled tubes are easily mixed up.
答え
A · At the bedside, in front of the patient, right after collection
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Wash the area with soap and water, then follow the reporting policy
これが答えになる理由
Blood on intact skin carries very little risk of bloodborne infection, but it is still washed off promptly and handled according to policy. Bleach damages skin, and prophylaxis is for higher-risk exposures.
答え
D · Wash the area with soap and water, then follow the reporting policy
A sudden large change with no clinical change suggests a specimen error, such as wrong blood in the tube or dilution with IV fluid. The nurse assesses the patient, informs the provider and arranges a repeat sample with careful identification, while staying alert for true bleeding.