A nurse gives IV morphine for severe pain. When should the nurse reassess the pain and sedation?
AOnly when the patient asks for more
BAt the end of the shift
CAt the next routine round in four hours
DWithin about 15–30 minutes
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with major depression has been withdrawn for weeks but is suddenly calm and cheerful and gives away her belongings. What should the nurse suspect?
AA raised risk of suicide, because she may have made a decision
BA full recovery, so observation can be reduced
CThat she is getting ready for discharge as planned
DA side effect of her antidepressant medicine that needs no special action
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
An infant has had a cleft lip repair. Why are elbow restraints often used?
ATo prevent the infant from sucking a pacifier
BTo stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
CTo hold the IV line in place during feeds and stop it being pulled out
DTo keep the infant from rolling over in the crib
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches parents of a toddler about drowning prevention. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I can leave my 2-year-old in the bath for a minute if the water is shallow.”
B“We keep the gate in the pool fence closed and locked at all times.”
C“I stay within arm’s reach of my child whenever we are near any water.”
D“I empty buckets of water as soon as I have used them.”
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely, so the nurse stays with the patient?
AAfter the last drop is given
BThe next morning
CAfter about 2 hours
DIn the first 15 minutes
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?
AA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin
BA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
CContamination of all three samples during collection
DPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Into the pocket of the lower eyelid
これが答えになる理由
Drops go into the lower conjunctival sac, which is less sensitive than the cornea. Pressing gently on the inner corner afterwards reduces drainage into the nose.
答え
C · Into the pocket of the lower eyelid
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Full name and date of birth, checked against the wristband
これが答えになる理由
At least two personal identifiers, such as name, date of birth and hospital number, are checked with the patient and the wristband. Bed and room numbers change and are not identifiers.
答え
C · Full name and date of birth, checked against the wristband
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · To reduce the risk of oral thrush
これが答えになる理由
Inhaled steroid deposited in the mouth and throat can cause oral candidiasis and a hoarse voice. Rinsing and using a spacer reduce this.
答え
D · To reduce the risk of oral thrush
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · Respect the refusal, check it is informed and document it, and inform the team
これが答えになる理由
An adult with capacity has the right to refuse treatment, even life-saving treatment. The team should make sure the patient understands the consequences, discuss alternatives such as cell salvage and record the decision.
答え
B · Respect the refusal, check it is informed and document it, and inform the team
IV opioids act within minutes, so the nurse reassesses pain, sedation and breathing within about 15–30 minutes. Oral analgesics are usually reassessed later, after about an hour.
答え
D · Within about 15–30 minutes
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · A raised risk of suicide, because she may have made a decision
これが答えになる理由
A sudden lift in mood with giving away belongings can mean the patient has decided to end her life. The nurse asks directly about suicidal thoughts and keeps her safe.
答え
A · A raised risk of suicide, because she may have made a decision
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · To stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
これが答えになる理由
Elbow restraints keep the elbows straight so the infant cannot touch the suture line. They are removed regularly, one at a time, for skin checks and movement under supervision.
答え
B · To stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · “I can leave my 2-year-old in the bath for a minute if the water is shallow.”
これが答えになる理由
A toddler should never be left alone in the bath, even for a moment and even in shallow water. Fencing pools, constant close supervision and emptying containers are correct.
答え
A · “I can leave my 2-year-old in the bath for a minute if the water is shallow.”
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · In the first 15 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Acute hemolytic and anaphylactic reactions usually appear early, so the transfusion is started slowly and the nurse stays with the patient for about the first 15 minutes, checking vital signs before, during and after according to policy.
答え
D · In the first 15 minutes
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Persistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
これが答えになる理由
Several positive cultures with the same organism, taken at different times, show continuous bacteremia, typical of infective endocarditis. Echocardiography is done and prolonged IV antibiotics are started. Contamination usually affects only one bottle.確認に用いた資料:Blood culture · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Persistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis