A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?
ASerum lipase
BBlood glucose
CHemoglobin A1c
DThyroid hormones
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?
APersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
BA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
CContamination of all three samples during collection
DA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Integrity versus despair
これが答えになる理由
In late adulthood people review their lives. A sense of meaning brings integrity, while regret can lead to despair. Reminiscence can support this stage.
答え
C · Integrity versus despair
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Withhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
これが答えになる理由
Amoxicillin is a penicillin and can cause the same allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis. The nurse withholds it and asks for an alternative.
答え
D · Withhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · That the cannula is intact, and apply pressure until bleeding stops
これが答えになる理由
The nurse checks that the whole cannula has been removed, applies pressure and a dressing, and records the removal. Any signs of phlebitis are noted.
答え
C · That the cannula is intact, and apply pressure until bleeding stops
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · The cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
これが答えになる理由
Hypothermia reduces the brain's oxygen needs, and good recoveries have occurred after long resuscitation. Death is usually not confirmed until the patient has been rewarmed, unless injuries are clearly not survivable.
答え
A · The cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
答え: B · “I will take five tablets one after the other before I call for help.”
これが答えになる理由
Action plans differ slightly: US guidance says to call emergency services if pain is not better 5 minutes after the first dose, while UK guidance allows a second dose after 5 minutes and a 999 call if pain persists 5 minutes later. Taking many doses in a row delays care and can cause severe hypotension.
答え
B · “I will take five tablets one after the other before I call for help.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Not witness the consent and inform the surgeon
これが答えになる理由
Valid consent requires a patient who can understand and decide. After a sedative this may not be possible, so the nurse does not witness it and informs the surgeon, who is responsible for obtaining consent.
答え
B · Not witness the consent and inform the surgeon
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Goggles or a face shield worn over the glasses
これが答えになる理由
Prescription glasses do not protect against splashes from the sides, top or bottom. Goggles or a face shield that fit over them are worn when splashes are likely.
答え
C · Goggles or a face shield worn over the glasses
PN contains concentrated dextrose, so hyperglycemia is common, especially at the start; glucose is checked frequently and insulin may be needed. Electrolytes, including phosphate, magnesium and potassium, are also monitored for refeeding syndrome.
答え
B · Blood glucose
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Persistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
これが答えになる理由
Several positive cultures with the same organism, taken at different times, show continuous bacteremia, typical of infective endocarditis. Echocardiography is done and prolonged IV antibiotics are started. Contamination usually affects only one bottle.確認に用いた資料:Blood culture · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Persistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis