答え: A · The first urine of the morning is discarded and the time noted, then all urine is kept
これが答えになる理由
The patient empties the bladder at the start and that urine is discarded. All urine for the next 24 hours is kept, including a final void at the end time.
答え
A · The first urine of the morning is discarded and the time noted, then all urine is kept
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Dehydration from fluid loss
これが答えになる理由
Diarrhoea causes loss of water and electrolytes. Postural dizziness and concentrated low-volume urine show dehydration, which needs fluid replacement, electrolyte checks and close monitoring.
答え
D · Dehydration from fluid loss
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · The infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
これが答えになる理由
Nurses check that the infusion is running as planned, the site has no redness or swelling, and the symptoms are controlled. Problems are acted on quickly to avoid distress.
答え
C · The infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
答え: A · Decline, explain why and suggest who can safely do it
これが答えになる理由
Nurses must work within their legal scope of practice, even when asked by a provider. The nurse declines, explains the reason and helps find a suitable professional.
答え
A · Decline, explain why and suggest who can safely do it
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Open the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over
これが答えになる理由
The nurse opens the package so the sterile item can be dropped onto the field from a short height, without the wrapper or arms crossing over the sterile area. The item must land well inside the non-sterile border.
答え
D · Open the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · A patient on chemotherapy with a new temperature of 38.4 °C (101.1 °F)
これが答えになる理由
Fever in a patient who may be neutropenic can be the first sign of sepsis and needs urgent assessment. The other needs are real but stable and can wait a short time.
答え
D · A patient on chemotherapy with a new temperature of 38.4 °C (101.1 °F)
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · The sodium can rise too quickly
これが答えになる理由
Tolvaptan blocks ADH receptors in the kidney, causing free water loss. Sodium can rise too fast, risking osmotic demyelination, so treatment is started in hospital with frequent sodium checks. Fluid restriction is usually avoided at the start.