A patient has lost more than 10% of their body weight without trying over the last few months and has a low BMI. What is the most appropriate action?
AWeigh the patient again in six months and review at that point
BRestrict fluids to encourage appetite and give a low-protein diet instead
CEncourage a low-calorie diet
DRefer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A day after surgery, a patient's haemoglobin has fallen from 125 g/L to 85 g/L (12.5 to 8.5 g/dL) and their heart rate has risen to 118/min. What is the priority?
AEncourage the patient to eat iron-rich foods
BDocument the result and take no further action
CRecheck the haemoglobin next week
DEscalate urgently, as the patient may be bleeding
答え: B · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
これが答えになる理由
Tolerance is a physical adaptation in which the same dose has less effect over time. It is not the same as addiction, which involves craving and harmful use.
答え
B · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
答え: D · Refer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts
これが答えになる理由
Large unplanned weight loss with a low BMI means high malnutrition risk. Management includes dietitian referral, food and fluid charts, support with eating and regular weighing.
答え
D · Refer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · Escalate urgently, as the patient may be bleeding
これが答えになる理由
A large fall in haemoglobin with tachycardia suggests ongoing blood loss. The nurse assesses the patient with ABCDE, checks wounds and drains and escalates for urgent review.
答え
D · Escalate urgently, as the patient may be bleeding
答え: D · Hold the dose and report so the white cell count can be checked
これが答えになる理由
Clozapine can cause agranulocytosis. A sore throat or fever may be the first sign of infection, so the nurse reports it and the neutrophil count is checked before more doses are given.
答え
D · Hold the dose and report so the white cell count can be checked
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · That the child is passing urine
これが答えになる理由
Potassium is not added to IV fluids until the child is passing urine, because poor kidney function can let potassium build up to dangerous levels.
答え
D · That the child is passing urine
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Standard precautions
これが答えになる理由
Botulism is caused by a toxin and does not spread from person to person, so standard precautions are used. Suspected cases are reported to public health at once.
答え
D · Standard precautions
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Stop the transfusion
これが答えになる理由
These signs suggest an acute transfusion reaction, possibly hemolytic. The nurse stops the transfusion at once, keeps the IV open with normal saline through new tubing, assesses the patient and notifies the provider and blood bank.
答え
A · Stop the transfusion
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · 便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
これが答えになる理由
高カルシウムは神経と筋の興奮性を低下させ、疲労、便秘、錯乱、骨の痛み、腎結石を起こします。テタニーとクボステック徴候は、低カルシウムのサインです。確認に用いた資料:Calcium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)