A patient has a tonic-clonic seizure in bed. What should the nurse do first?
APlace a tongue depressor between the teeth
BHold the arms and legs down firmly to stop the jerking movements quickly
CProtect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
DGive a drink of water to help the patient wake
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
看護師が、予定されている退院に疑問を呈すべき患者はどれですか?
A手術の 2 日後で、新たに心拍数が 112 回/分、体温が 38.4 °C の患者
B安定したギプスをつけ、松葉杖で安全に歩けている患者
C肺炎で、経口抗菌薬により 48 時間熱が出ていない患者
Dヘルニア修復術の後で、排尿でき、食事をとっている患者
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with a severe latex allergy is booked for surgery. Which measure is commonly used?
AUse latex-free supplies and schedule the patient as the first case of the day
BGive the patient antihistamines before surgery and then use the normal supplies
CWrap latex items in plastic before use
DUse latex gloves only for short procedures
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
導尿カテーテルが明らかに必要な場合に、カテーテル関連尿路感染症を最もよく予防する方法はどれですか?
A無菌的な挿入、閉鎖式システム、必要性の毎日の見直し
B清潔で付着物がない状態を保つため、毎日カテーテルを交換する
C空にしやすいよう、定期的にバッグを接続から外す
Dバッグをベッドの上に置き、膀胱と同じ高さに保つ
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?
AIncreased red cell production
BA laboratory error in the first sample
CA sudden failure of the bone marrow
DDilution of the blood by the IV fluid
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4.8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?
AHemolysis caused by the gallstones
BA stone blocking the common bile duct
CUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation
DGilbert syndrome triggered by pain
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · On the patient's left side, close to the bed
これが答えになる理由
Placing the chair on the strong side lets the patient pivot and bear weight on the stronger leg, making the transfer safer.
答え
C · On the patient's left side, close to the bed
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Check the patient's vital signs and report it urgently
これが答えになる理由
A sudden increase in fresh blood may mean active bleeding. The nurse assesses for signs of shock, such as a rising pulse and falling blood pressure, and escalates immediately.
答え
A · Check the patient's vital signs and report it urgently
答え: C · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
これが答えになる理由
During a seizure the nurse protects the patient from injury and turns them to the side to keep the airway clear. Nothing is put in the mouth, movements are not restrained and nothing is given by mouth.
答え
C · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
答え: A · Use latex-free supplies and schedule the patient as the first case of the day
これが答えになる理由
Latex proteins can become airborne on glove powder and settle in the room. Using a latex-safe room and supplies and scheduling the patient first, when airborne latex is lowest, reduce the risk.
答え
A · Use latex-free supplies and schedule the patient as the first case of the day
IV fluids dilute the blood, so the hemoglobin falls even without further bleeding. Ongoing bleeding must still be considered, so vital signs, wounds and repeat hemoglobin values are monitored.
答え
D · Dilution of the blood by the IV fluid
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · A stone blocking the common bile duct
これが答えになる理由
A gallstone in the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis) obstructs bile flow, raising conjugated bilirubin and ALP. Fever with jaundice and pain suggests cholangitis, an emergency. Simple cholecystitis usually causes only mild liver test changes.確認に用いた資料:Choledocholithiasis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Cholangitis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)