Which patient is most suitable for the nurse to assign to a nurse who has just finished orientation?
AA patient with sepsis whose blood pressure is falling
BA patient on a continuous heparin infusion with rising aPTT values
CA patient with a new tracheostomy who needs frequent suctioning
DA patient with stable cellulitis on scheduled IV antibiotics
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
The charge nurse overhears four instructions from an RN to a nursing assistant. Which one needs to be corrected?
A“Help him wash and change, and tell me at once if you see any red or broken skin.”
B“Check his glucose before lunch and tell me the number straight away.”
C“Walk him to the bathroom and back, and stay with him the whole time.”
D“Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
手首の抑制具は、どのくらいの強さで固定しますか?
A手首の脈が遅くなるほどきつく
B患者が腕を動かせないよう、できるだけきつく
C患者の手が抜けるほどゆるく
D抑制具と皮膚の間に指が2本入る程度のゆるさ
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Who should mark the operative site before surgery?
AThe admitting clerk, using the information written on the consent form
BThe person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
CThe patient, alone, using a marker pen at home on the night before surgery
DAny member of the operating room team after anesthesia starts
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?
AReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
BRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
CReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
DAny result outside the range always means disease is present
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia has a measured sodium of 128 mEq/L, but a measured serum osmolality is normal, and the patient has no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?
ATrue hyponatremia from SIADH that needs fluid restriction
BHyponatremia caused by drinking far too much water
CPseudohyponatremia, an artifact caused by very high lipids
DHyponatremia caused by severe hyperglycemia in diabetes
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Keep moving
これが答えになる理由
SSKIN stands for Surface, Skin inspection, Keep moving, Incontinence and moisture, and Nutrition and hydration. Regular repositioning relieves pressure on the skin.
答え
B · Keep moving
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Accept the report, assess further and offer analgesia
これが答えになる理由
Pain is what the patient says it is. People cope with pain in different ways, and vital signs often stay normal, especially in chronic pain, so the self-report guides care.
答え
B · Accept the report, assess further and offer analgesia
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Sitting fully upright, and staying upright for a time after eating
これが答えになる理由
Sitting upright during and after meals reduces the risk of aspiration. The patient should also be supervised and given the consistency recommended by the speech and language therapist.
答え
C · Sitting fully upright, and staying upright for a time after eating
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Acute angle-closure glaucoma
これが答えになる理由
Acute angle-closure glaucoma causes a rapid rise in eye pressure, with pain, visual disturbance, haloes and vomiting. It is an emergency that can cause permanent sight loss without urgent treatment.
答え: D · A patient with stable cellulitis on scheduled IV antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
A newly oriented nurse is best given stable patients with predictable care. The other patients have changing or high-risk conditions that need more experience and close monitoring.
答え
D · A patient with stable cellulitis on scheduled IV antibiotics
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · “Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”
これが答えになる理由
Giving insulin is medication administration and needs a licensed nurse. Measuring glucose, hygiene and supervised walking are suitable tasks with clear reporting instructions.
答え
D · “Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”
答え: B · The person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
これが答えになる理由
Under the Universal Protocol, the site is marked by the person performing the procedure, or an authorized delegate, ideally while the patient is awake and can confirm it. This helps prevent wrong-site surgery.
答え
B · The person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Ranges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
これが答えになる理由
A reference range is usually the central 95% of results from a healthy population, so about 1 in 20 healthy people will have a value just outside it. The result is interpreted with the clinical picture and previous values, and repeated if needed.確認に用いた資料:How to Understand Your Lab Results · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Ranges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Pseudohyponatremia, an artifact caused by very high lipids
これが答えになる理由
Very high lipids or proteins take up part of the plasma volume, so some laboratory methods report a falsely low sodium. The osmolality and the sodium measured by direct methods are normal. Treating this "hyponatremia" would be harmful.
答え
C · Pseudohyponatremia, an artifact caused by very high lipids