A patient spills hot tea on their forearm. What is the best immediate first aid?
APop any blisters to let the heat escape
BCover it with butter or a greasy cream
CCool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
DPut ice or an ice pack directly on the burn for about 10 minutes
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Which type of painkiller should a patient with liver cirrhosis usually avoid?
AHot packs applied to a painful joint
BNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen
CParacetamol (acetaminophen), given in a carefully reduced and monitored dose
DLocal anaesthetic creams
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with poorly controlled hyperthyroidism develops a high fever, very fast heart rate, agitation and vomiting during an infection. What is likely?
Which finding is an early sign of compartment syndrome in a patient with a lower leg fracture?
APain out of proportion to the injury that worsens when the toes are stretched
BMild bruising around the fracture site on the second day
CItching under the cast during the first week after it was applied
DA strong pedal pulse with warm, pink toes and pain that settles with analgesia
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
The charge nurse overhears four instructions from an RN to a nursing assistant. Which one needs to be corrected?
A“Help him wash and change, and tell me at once if you see any red or broken skin.”
B“Check his glucose before lunch and tell me the number straight away.”
C“Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”
D“Walk him to the bathroom and back, and stay with him the whole time.”
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
インスリンやヘパリンの持続注入など一部の薬に、独立したダブルチェックを行うのはなぜですか?
A第二の人が別々に確認することで、見落とした誤りを発見できるから
B準備の過程を速くするため
C誤りが起きたとき、2人の看護師で責任を分担するため
Dこれらの薬は無駄にすると非常に高価だから
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which patient with a suspected infection meets at least two SIRS criteria?
ATemperature 37.2 °C and heart rate 80/min
BTemperature 36.8 °C and respiratory rate 18/min
CTemperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
DRespiratory rate 16/min and WBC 8,000/mm3
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?
AThyroid hormones
BHemoglobin A1c
CSerum lipase
DBlood glucose
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient receiving IV magnesium sulfate has a respiratory rate of 9/min and absent patellar reflexes. After stopping the infusion, which medication should the nurse expect to give?
ASodium bicarbonate
BCalcium gluconate
CPotassium chloride
DProtamine sulfate
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · 低栄養のリスク
これが答えになる理由
MUST は、体格指数、意図しない体重減少、急性疾患の影響を組み合わせて点数を出し、低栄養のリスクを示して栄養ケアの指針とします。
答え
B · 低栄養のリスク
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Cool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Cool running water for about 20 minutes reduces pain and depth of injury. Ice can damage tissue further, grease holds heat in, and blisters are left intact to protect the skin.
答え
C · Cool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen
これが答えになる理由
NSAIDs increase the risk of GI bleeding and can trigger kidney failure and fluid retention in cirrhosis. Paracetamol is usually preferred at a lower, carefully chosen dose.
答え
B · Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Thyroid storm
これが答えになる理由
Thyroid storm is a life-threatening worsening of hyperthyroidism, often triggered by infection or surgery. It needs urgent treatment with cooling, beta-blockade and antithyroid drugs.
答え: A · Pain out of proportion to the injury that worsens when the toes are stretched
これが答えになる理由
The earliest sign is severe pain that is not relieved by usual analgesia and worsens on passive stretch. Loss of pulse is a late sign, so the nurse reports pain early.
答え
A · Pain out of proportion to the injury that worsens when the toes are stretched
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · “Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”
これが答えになる理由
Giving insulin is medication administration and needs a licensed nurse. Measuring glucose, hygiene and supervised walking are suitable tasks with clear reporting instructions.
答え
C · “Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”
答え: C · Temperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
これが答えになる理由
SIRS criteria include a temperature above 38 °C or below 36 °C, heart rate above 90/min, respiratory rate above 20/min and a WBC above 12,000 or below 4,000/mm3. Only the first patient meets two.
答え
C · Temperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
PN contains concentrated dextrose, so hyperglycemia is common, especially at the start; glucose is checked frequently and insulin may be needed. Electrolytes, including phosphate, magnesium and potassium, are also monitored for refeeding syndrome.
答え
D · Blood glucose
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Calcium gluconate
これが答えになる理由
Absent reflexes and slow breathing indicate magnesium toxicity. The infusion is stopped, the provider is called, the airway and breathing are supported, and IV calcium gluconate is given as prescribed to counteract magnesium.