A patient had a colostomy formed yesterday. Which stoma appearance should be reported straight away?
ASlightly swollen
BDark purple or black
CA little bleeding when cleaned
DMoist and pink-red
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
At the end of a shift, the nurse’s relief has not arrived and the patients are acutely ill. What should the nurse do?
AAsk a nursing assistant to watch the patients until someone comes
BLeave a written note at the station and go home
CLeave on time, because the shift has officially ended
DStay and tell the charge nurse, and hand over before leaving
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
How is a urine specimen for culture obtained from an indwelling catheter?
ABy disconnecting the catheter from the drainage tubing
BFrom the urine already collected in the drainage bag at the bedside
CFrom the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
DBy removing the catheter and sending its tip for culture
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which action by assistive personnel requires the nurse to step in?
APutting soiled linen straight into a laundry bag at the bedside
BRemoving gloves and then cleaning the hands with alcohol rub
CGoing from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
DWashing hands with soap and water after leaving a C. difficile room
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?
ASevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem
BHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
CThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
DThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with acute pancreatitis has a rising BUN, a falling calcium and a glucose of 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) over the first 48 hours. What do these results suggest?
AA lab error from lipemic samples
BAn unrelated new kidney stone
CIncreasingly severe pancreatitis
DA resolving, mild pancreatitis
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Explore the reason for refusing
これが答えになる理由
Patients with capacity may refuse medicines. The nurse explores why, for example side effects or misunderstanding, gives information, documents the refusal and informs the prescriber if needed.
2:1 房室ブロック:QRS 1 つに P 波が 2 つあるとき、伝導した P 波が連続しないので、伝導されなかった P 波の前で PR が延びるか(I 型)、一定か(II 型)を判断できません。1 枚の波形からは 2:1 房室ブロックと呼びます。型は、より長い波形や伝導比の変化で決まります。QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、どちらも決め手にはなりません。
5つのステップ
1. 心拍数:R–R = 小さいマス目 44 個、1500 ÷ 44 ≈ 34 回/分。
2. リズム:整。すべての R–R は 1.76 秒です。
3. P波:陽性で整(P–P 0.88 秒、68 回/分)。QRS 1つにつき2個あります。
4. PR 間隔:伝導された拍では 0.20 秒で一定です。
5. QRS:0.12 秒で幅広(0.12 秒以上)。
型が決まらない理由
2 つに 1 つの P 波が伝導されないので、伝導した拍動が連続せず、PR の延長を確認できません。
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
答え
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、決め手になるのは、より長い波形か伝導比の変化だけです。
13.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Dark purple or black
これが答えになる理由
A healthy stoma is moist and pink to red, and early swelling or slight bleeding is common. A dark purple or black stoma suggests poor blood supply (ischemia) and needs urgent review.
答え
B · Dark purple or black
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Stay and tell the charge nurse, and hand over before leaving
これが答えになる理由
The nurse must not leave patients without handing over to another qualified nurse. Telling the charge nurse allows staffing to be arranged safely.
答え
D · Stay and tell the charge nurse, and hand over before leaving
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · From the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
これが答えになる理由
Urine in the bag is old and may contain extra bacteria, and disconnecting the system lets organisms in. The sample is taken from the sampling port with a sterile syringe after disinfecting the port.
答え
C · From the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Going from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
これが答えになる理由
Gloves must be changed and hand hygiene done between patients, because contaminated gloves spread organisms directly. The other actions are correct infection-control practice.
答え
C · Going from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Heart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
これが答えになる理由
BNP is released from stretched ventricles, so a low value makes heart failure an unlikely cause of acute breathlessness. A high value supports heart failure, but BNP also rises with age, kidney disease and pulmonary embolism.確認に用いた資料:Natriuretic Peptide Tests (BNP, NT-proBNP) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
B · Heart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Increasingly severe pancreatitis
これが答えになる理由
Rising BUN (fluid loss and kidney injury), low calcium and hyperglycemia are markers of more severe pancreatitis in scoring systems. The nurse monitors fluid balance, vital signs and organ function closely and reports deterioration.確認に用いた資料:Acute pancreatitis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)