A nurse teaches a patient with COPD pursed-lip breathing. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will breathe in slowly through my nose.”
B“I will make my breath out about twice as long as my breath in.”
C“I will breathe out slowly through pursed lips.”
D“I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which nursing approach may raise intracranial pressure in a patient with a head injury?
AKeeping the room calm and quiet
BSpacing out care with rest periods in between activities
CDoing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
DKeeping the head in line with the body
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse has been fit-tested for an N95 respirator. What should the nurse do each time it is put on?
APerform a user seal check
BWear a surgical mask underneath it
CMoisten the edges so it seals better
DArrange a new fit test
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse has worked three long shifts in a row and feels exhausted. The manager asks the nurse to stay for another shift. What is the most appropriate response?
AAgree and drink extra coffee to stay alert
BAgree without telling anyone about the fatigue
CAgree, but skip the independent medication checks to save energy on the shift
DExplain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?
AThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes
BThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose
CThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine
DThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Which set of results most strongly suggests hemolytic anemia?
ALow hemoglobin, low platelets, low white cells, low reticulocytes
BLow hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
CLow hemoglobin, high MCV, low vitamin B12, normal bilirubin
答え: B · Recheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct
これが答えになる理由
Unexpected findings are validated before action. If the repeat reading is still high, the nurse assesses for symptoms and reports it.
答え
B · Recheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Use a soft toothbrush and avoid IM injections where possible
これが答えになる理由
A low platelet count raises the risk of bleeding. Bleeding precautions include soft toothbrushes, electric razors, avoiding IM injections and avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs.
答え
B · Use a soft toothbrush and avoid IM injections where possible
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Avoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch
これが答えになる理由
Heat increases absorption of fentanyl through the skin and can cause overdose. Old patches are removed and folded before disposal, and patches should not be cut unless the product allows it.
答え
C · Avoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Not start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
これが答えになる理由
Positive patient identification, using an identity band checked against the blood unit and prescription, is essential before every transfusion. Wrong blood incidents can cause fatal ABO incompatibility reactions.
答え
A · Not start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
答え: D · “I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
これが答えになる理由
Pursed-lip breathing means breathing in through the nose and out slowly through pursed lips, making exhalation longer. This keeps airways open and reduces air trapping.
答え
D · “I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Doing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
これが答えになる理由
Clustering several stimulating activities can cause a sustained rise in intracranial pressure. Spacing care, keeping the neck straight and a calm environment help keep it down.
答え
C · Doing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Perform a user seal check
これが答えになる理由
A fit test confirms that a model and size suit the person. A user seal check, breathing in and out to feel for leaks at the edges, is done every time the respirator is put on.
答え
A · Perform a user seal check
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Explain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
これが答えになる理由
Long hours and fatigue increase errors and injuries. Nurses have a professional responsibility to judge whether they are fit to work safely and to say so clearly.
答え
D · Explain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · The pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
これが答えになる理由
C-peptide is cleaved from proinsulin when insulin is made, so it reflects the body's own insulin production. A very low level suggests beta-cell loss, as in type 1 diabetes; in type 2 diabetes it is often normal or high early on.確認に用いた資料:C-Peptide Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · The pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Low hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
これが答えになる理由
When red cells break down early, hemoglobin is turned into unconjugated bilirubin and LDH is released, while the marrow increases reticulocytes. Option B fits iron deficiency, C fits B12 deficiency and D fits marrow failure.確認に用いた資料:Hemolytic anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Reticulocyte Count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Bilirubin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · Low hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH