A patient at 32 weeks of pregnancy feels dizzy and faint while lying flat on her back. What should the nurse do first?
AGive her a sugary drink and keep her flat
BTurn her onto her left side
CRaise her legs while she stays on her back
DSit her upright with her head between her knees
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
インスリンやヘパリンの持続注入など一部の薬に、独立したダブルチェックを行うのはなぜですか?
A誤りが起きたとき、2人の看護師で責任を分担するため
Bこれらの薬は無駄にすると非常に高価だから
C準備の過程を速くするため
D第二の人が別々に確認することで、見落とした誤りを発見できるから
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient on long-term high-dose corticosteroids asks for the nasal spray influenza vaccine. What should the nurse explain?
AThe nasal spray is a live vaccine, so the injected inactivated vaccine is used instead
BThe nasal spray is the best choice for people on steroids, because it is not injected
CPeople on steroids should never have any influenza vaccine
DEither type is fine, as long as it is given in the morning
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?
AClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part
BCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet
CFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough
DCollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?
AStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day
BRapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
CGradual replacement of free water over many hours
DA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
答え: D · Diffuse, irregular redness in a skin fold, not over a bone
これが答えになる理由
Moisture lesions are usually superficial, diffuse and irregular, often in the natal cleft or skin folds. Pressure ulcers are typically over bony prominences and may have necrotic tissue.
答え
D · Diffuse, irregular redness in a skin fold, not over a bone
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Do not stop them suddenly
これが答えになる理由
Long-term steroids suppress the adrenal glands, so stopping suddenly can cause adrenal crisis. Patients should carry a steroid alert card or medical ID and follow sick-day guidance.
答え
D · Do not stop them suddenly
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Its active metabolites build up because the kidneys excrete them
これが答えになる理由
Morphine metabolites, including morphine-6-glucuronide, are cleared by the kidneys and accumulate in renal impairment, causing sedation and respiratory depression. Alternative opioids or lower doses are often chosen.
答え
A · Its active metabolites build up because the kidneys excrete them
Lying on the back lets the uterus compress the inferior vena cava, reducing blood return to the heart. Turning to the left side relieves the pressure and restores the blood pressure.
答え: A · The nasal spray is a live vaccine, so the injected inactivated vaccine is used instead
これが答えになる理由
The nasal spray influenza vaccine contains live, weakened virus and is avoided in immunosuppressed people. The inactivated injectable vaccine is safe and recommended for them.
答え
A · The nasal spray is a live vaccine, so the injected inactivated vaccine is used instead
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Clean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part
これが答えになる理由
Cleaning the urethral area and discarding the first part of the stream reduce contamination from skin and urethral bacteria. The inside of the sterile container must not be touched, and the sample should reach the laboratory promptly.確認に用いた資料:Clean catch urine sample · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · Clean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Gradual replacement of free water over many hours
これが答えになる理由
Older adults have a reduced sense of thirst and easily develop hypernatremia from water loss. Free water is replaced gradually, because lowering sodium too quickly can cause cerebral edema. Hypertonic saline and fluid restriction would make it worse.
答え
C · Gradual replacement of free water over many hours