AA 45-year-old with asthma who is alert and independent
BA 60-year-old admitted for chest pain that has since been ruled out by tests
CA 30-year-old after an appendectomy who walks with steady steps
DAn 84-year-old taking a diuretic who has fallen before and gets up at night
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient in hypovolemic shock is receiving IV fluids. Which finding best shows that the treatment is working?
ACooler, paler skin on the arms and legs
BNew crackles at both lung bases
CA heart rate that keeps rising after each bag of fluid
DUrine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Where should the dispersive (grounding) pad for electrosurgery be placed?
AOver an area with scar tissue or a tattoo, so that the pad does not slip
BOn skin that is wet with antiseptic prep
COn clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle, close to the surgical site
DOver a bony prominence such as the hip bone
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
An 82-year-old patient is prescribed diphenhydramine at bedtime for sleep. Why should the nurse raise this with the prescriber?
AIt raises blood pressure in most older adults
BIt is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion and falls in older adults
CIt is only available as an IV drug and cannot be given by mouth at bedtime
DIt is too weak to help an older person sleep
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient taking a statin reports new, unexplained muscle pain and weakness. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be ordered?
ASerum lipase
BSerum ammonia
CCardiac troponin
DCreatine kinase (CK)
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has fever, chills, flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. Urinalysis shows many white cells and white cell casts. Which condition is most likely?
AAcute pyelonephritis
BGlomerulonephritis
CSimple cystitis
DNephrotic syndrome
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · The output is liquid and contains a lot of water and salt
これが答えになる理由
The colon normally reabsorbs water and salt. An ileostomy bypasses it, so high output can quickly cause dehydration and low sodium; output is monitored and fluids encouraged.
答え
B · The output is liquid and contains a lot of water and salt
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Write it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
これが答えになる理由
Verbal orders are used only where local policy allows, such as emergencies. Reading back the drug, dose and route confirms the order, and it is documented and signed as soon as possible.
答え
D · Write it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Just before or with a meal
これが答えになる理由
Rapid-acting insulins start working within minutes, so they are given with meals to match the glucose rise. Giving the dose without eating risks hypoglycaemia.
答え: D · An 84-year-old taking a diuretic who has fallen before and gets up at night
これが答えになる理由
A previous fall is one of the strongest risk factors. Older age, diuretics and getting up at night to urinate add further risk, so this patient needs fall precautions.
答え
D · An 84-year-old taking a diuretic who has fallen before and gets up at night
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Urine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
これが答えになる理由
Improving urine output, mental state and heart rate show better tissue perfusion. A rising heart rate and cool skin suggest ongoing shock, and new crackles may mean fluid overload.
答え
D · Urine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · On clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle, close to the surgical site
これが答えになる理由
The pad returns the current safely. Good contact over a well-perfused muscle prevents burns, while bony areas, scars, hair and moisture reduce contact and can cause burns at the pad site.
答え
C · On clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle, close to the surgical site
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · It is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion and falls in older adults
これが答えになる理由
First-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine are on the Beers list because they cause confusion, constipation, urinary retention and falls in older adults. Safer approaches to sleep should be discussed.
答え
B · It is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion and falls in older adults
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Creatine kinase (CK)
これが答えになる理由
Statins can cause myopathy and, rarely, rhabdomyolysis. A raised CK confirms muscle injury, and the provider may stop the statin. The nurse also asks about dark urine, which can signal myoglobin in the urine.確認に用いた資料:Creatine Kinase · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
D · Creatine kinase (CK)
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Acute pyelonephritis
これが答えになる理由
White cell casts show that the inflammation is in the kidney itself, not just the bladder. With fever and flank pain this indicates pyelonephritis. Glomerulonephritis typically causes red cell casts, and nephrotic syndrome causes heavy protein loss.確認に用いた資料:Urinary casts · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Glomerulonephritis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)