A patient with chronic kidney disease stage 4 has a high phosphate, a low-normal calcium and a very high parathyroid hormone (PTH). What does this show?
ASecondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
BHypoparathyroidism after neck surgery
CPrimary hyperparathyroidism from a tumor
DVitamin D toxicity from supplements
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Integrity versus despair
これが答えになる理由
In late adulthood people review their lives. A sense of meaning brings integrity, while regret can lead to despair. Reminiscence can support this stage.
答え: B · "Mr Patel's breathing rate is 8 a minute and he's hard to wake."
これが答えになる理由
A low respiratory rate with reduced consciousness suggests respiratory depression, for example from opioids. It needs immediate assessment and escalation.
答え
B · "Mr Patel's breathing rate is 8 a minute and he's hard to wake."
答え: B · The laboratory is calling with a critical potassium result of 2.6 mEq/L
これが答えになる理由
A critical potassium of 2.6 mEq/L can cause life-threatening arrhythmias, so it is acted on first: the nurse assesses the patient and informs the provider. The other calls can wait.
答え
B · The laboratory is calling with a critical potassium result of 2.6 mEq/L
答え: D · Explain the risks, notify the provider and follow the policy for leaving against advice
これが答えになる理由
Holding a competent adult against their will can be false imprisonment. The nurse explains the risks, informs the provider, asks the patient to sign the against-advice form if they agree and documents the discussion.
答え
D · Explain the risks, notify the provider and follow the policy for leaving against advice
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · カルシウムの多くはアルブミンに結合しているため、イオン化カルシウムが正常でも総カルシウムは低下する
D · カルシウムの多くはアルブミンに結合しているため、イオン化カルシウムが正常でも総カルシウムは低下する
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Secondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
これが答えになる理由
In CKD, phosphate retention and reduced activation of vitamin D lower calcium, which stimulates the parathyroid glands. The result is high PTH with high phosphate, causing bone disease. Phosphate binders, diet and active vitamin D are used.確認に用いた資料:Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)