A patient has peripheral arterial disease with a non-healing ulcer on the toe. Which advice about leg position is correct?
AKeep the legs raised above the heart as much as possible
BKeep the legs level or slightly lowered, not raised
CSit with the legs crossed to improve blood flow
DWrap the legs tightly with compression bandages
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
滅菌野を準備している最中に、看護師が質問に答えるためそこから背を向けました。正しいのはどれですか?
A後でカバーをすれば使用できる
B看護師に近い物だけを交換すればよい
Cその間誰も触れていないので、滅菌野は滅菌のままである
D滅菌野は汚染されたとみなされ、準備し直す必要がある
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches parents about using an infant car seat. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“We will put the rear-facing seat in the front so we can see the baby.”
B“We will make sure the harness straps are snug against the baby’s chest.”
C“We will install the seat in the back seat, facing the rear.”
D“We will use the car seat for every trip, even short ones.”
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
慢性腎臓病で、血清リン酸の高値には、通常、カルシウムのどのような変化を伴いますか?
Aカルシウムの変化はなく、血清カリウムだけが高い
B血清カルシウムの低下
C血清カルシウムの上昇
Dカルシウムは変化しない
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A young adult has fatigue, bruising and fever. The white cell count is 85 × 10³/µL with many blasts, the hemoglobin is 7.9 g/dL (79 g/L) and the platelets are 22 × 10³/µL. What is the most likely diagnosis?
AAcute viral infection
BIron-deficiency anemia
CAcute leukemia
DPolycythemia vera
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · The cannula site for signs of phlebitis
これが答えになる理由
The VIP score grades pain, redness, swelling and hardening along the vein. A rising score tells the nurse when the cannula must be removed.
答え: D · Avoid blood pressure readings and blood samples on that arm
これが答えになる理由
The fistula arm is protected from pressure, cannulas and blood tests to prevent damage and clotting. Nurses check for a palpable thrill and audible bruit, which show it is working.
答え
D · Avoid blood pressure readings and blood samples on that arm
答え: B · Keep the legs level or slightly lowered, not raised
これが答えになる理由
In arterial disease, gravity helps blood reach the feet, so legs are not elevated. Elevation and compression suit venous disease, and crossing the legs reduces flow further.
答え
B · Keep the legs level or slightly lowered, not raised
答え: A · “We will put the rear-facing seat in the front so we can see the baby.”
これが答えになる理由
A rear-facing car seat must never be placed in front of an active airbag, which can strike the seat with great force. Infants ride rear-facing in the back seat, with a snug harness, on every trip.
答え
A · “We will put the rear-facing seat in the front so we can see the baby.”
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · 血清カルシウムの低下
これが答えになる理由
機能が低下した腎臓がリン酸を保持すると、リン酸がカルシウムと結合し、ビタミン D の活性化が低下するため、血清カルシウムは低下しがちです。これが二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症と骨疾患の原因になります。確認に用いた資料:Hypocalcemia (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Phosphate in Blood · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
B · 血清カルシウムの低下
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Acute leukemia
これが答えになる理由
Many circulating blasts with anemia and thrombocytopenia suggest acute leukemia: malignant cells crowd out normal production in the marrow. Despite the high white count, the patient has few working white cells and is at high risk of infection and bleeding.確認に用いた資料:Laboratory Evaluation of Acute Leukemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2025)