A patient reports pain of 8/10. Before giving the prescribed as-needed analgesic, what does the nurse do first?
AGive the strongest analgesic on the chart straight away
BTell the patient to wait until the next scheduled dose is due in two hours
CAsk the nursing assistant to reposition the patient
DAssess the location, character and onset of the pain and the vital signs
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient is admitted with suspected meningococcal meningitis. Which precautions are needed until treatment has been given for long enough?
AStandard precautions only
BContact precautions only
CAirborne precautions
DDroplet precautions
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient cannot bear weight and cannot help with transfers. Which method is safest to move the patient from bed to chair?
AAsking the patient to stand and try their best
BA mechanical lift used by enough trained staff
COne nurse doing a standing pivot transfer
DTwo nurses lifting the patient under the arms
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient’s allergy band says “penicillin”, and an order has been written for amoxicillin. What should the nurse do?
AGive the drug and watch the patient closely
BGive an antihistamine first and then the drug
CHold the drug and contact the prescriber
DAsk the patient whether they would like to take it anyway
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
Apart from the lithium level, which tests are monitored regularly in long-term lithium therapy?
ATroponin and creatine kinase (CK)
BINR and the platelet count
CLiver enzymes and serum amylase
DKidney function and thyroid function
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
After lying on the floor for many hours, a patient has a CK of 40,000 U/L, a potassium of 6.1 mEq/L and dark urine. Which prescribed treatment is the priority?
AAn oral potassium supplement with each meal
BFluid restriction to protect the heart from overload
答え: A · Tell staff about the pacemaker before any MRI scan or procedure
これが答えになる理由
Patients carry a device card and tell staff before MRI, surgery with diathermy or similar procedures. Arm movement on the pacemaker side is limited only for a short period after insertion.
答え
A · Tell staff about the pacemaker before any MRI scan or procedure
2:1 房室ブロック:QRS 1 つに P 波が 2 つあるとき、伝導した P 波が連続しないので、伝導されなかった P 波の前で PR が延びるか(I 型)、一定か(II 型)を判断できません。1 枚の波形からは 2:1 房室ブロックと呼びます。型は、より長い波形や伝導比の変化で決まります。QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、どちらも決め手にはなりません。
5つのステップ
1. 心拍数:R–R = 小さいマス目 44 個、1500 ÷ 44 ≈ 34 回/分。
2. リズム:整。すべての R–R は 1.76 秒です。
3. P波:陽性で整(P–P 0.88 秒、68 回/分)。QRS 1つにつき2個あります。
4. PR 間隔:伝導された拍では 0.20 秒で一定です。
5. QRS:0.14 秒で幅広(0.12 秒以上)。
型が決まらない理由
2 つに 1 つの P 波が伝導されないので、伝導した拍動が連続せず、PR の延長を確認できません。
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
答え
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、決め手になるのは、より長い波形か伝導比の変化だけです。
13.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Assess the location, character and onset of the pain and the vital signs
これが答えになる理由
Assessment comes first, because severe pain may be a sign of a new complication such as bleeding or a heart attack. The assessment also guides which analgesic is appropriate.
答え
D · Assess the location, character and onset of the pain and the vital signs
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Droplet precautions
これが答えになる理由
Neisseria meningitidis spreads by respiratory droplets, so a surgical mask is worn within close range. Droplet precautions continue until the patient has received effective antibiotics for about 24 hours.
答え
D · Droplet precautions
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · A mechanical lift used by enough trained staff
これが答えになる理由
For a patient who cannot bear weight or help, a mechanical lift prevents injury to both patient and staff. Lifting under the arms can injure the shoulders, and pivot transfers need weight bearing.
答え
B · A mechanical lift used by enough trained staff
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Hold the drug and contact the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
Amoxicillin is a penicillin, so it could cause a serious allergic reaction. The nurse holds the drug, clarifies the allergy and contacts the prescriber for a safe alternative.
答え
C · Hold the drug and contact the prescriber
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Kidney function and thyroid function
これが答えになる理由
Long-term lithium can cause hypothyroidism and impair kidney function, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Creatinine/eGFR and TSH are therefore checked regularly, together with sodium and the lithium level.確認に用いた資料:Hypothyroidism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
D · Kidney function and thyroid function
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Large-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
これが答えになる理由
Rhabdomyolysis releases myoglobin, which can cause acute kidney injury, and potassium, which can cause arrhythmias. Early aggressive IV fluids, a target urine output and cardiac monitoring are priorities. NSAIDs and potassium would worsen kidney injury and hyperkalemia.確認に用いた資料:Rhabdomyolysis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Large-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring