A patient with diabetes had a glucose of 58 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L), took 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate and, 15 minutes later, the glucose is 64 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). The patient is alert. What should the nurse do next?
AGive another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
答え: D · Its active metabolites build up because the kidneys excrete them
これが答えになる理由
Morphine metabolites, including morphine-6-glucuronide, are cleared by the kidneys and accumulate in renal impairment, causing sedation and respiratory depression. Alternative opioids or lower doses are often chosen.
答え
D · Its active metabolites build up because the kidneys excrete them
Repeated vomiting of stomach contents loses hydrochloric acid, causing metabolic alkalosis, often with low chloride and potassium. Fluids and electrolytes are corrected before surgery.
答え
B · Metabolic alkalosis
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Give the patient a mask and seat them apart from others
これが答えになる理由
Offering a mask to people with respiratory symptoms and separating them from others reduces the spread of droplets. Tissues, hand hygiene products and waste bins are also provided.
答え
A · Give the patient a mask and seat them apart from others
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Airborne and contact precautions until all lesions are crusted
これが答えになる理由
Lesions over several areas on both sides mean disseminated zoster, which can spread through the air like chickenpox. Airborne and contact precautions are used until all lesions are dry and crusted. Localized zoster in an immunocompromised patient also needs airborne and contact precautions, but only until dissemination is ruled out.
答え
C · Airborne and contact precautions until all lesions are crusted
答え: A · Give another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
これが答えになる理由
The "15-15 rule" is repeated until the glucose is at least 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L); UK guidance uses 4.0 mmol/L and 15–20 g of carbohydrate. Then a snack or meal with complex carbohydrate and protein is given if the next meal is not soon, to prevent recurrence.
答え
A · Give another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck