A patient has macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B12 and antibodies to intrinsic factor. What does this suggest, and how is it usually treated?
APernicious anemia, treated with B12 injections
BFolate deficiency, treated with folic acid only
CIron deficiency, treated with oral iron tablets
DHemolytic anemia, treated with blood transfusion
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · It seals the drug in the muscle and stops it leaking into the tissue above
これが答えになる理由
Pulling the skin sideways before injecting and releasing it afterwards makes a zigzag track that closes over the needle path, preventing leakage and skin staining.
答え
B · It seals the drug in the muscle and stops it leaking into the tissue above
Pyelonephritis is an upper urinary tract infection and causes systemic signs such as fever and rigors, with flank pain. Cystitis usually causes local symptoms such as dysuria and frequency.
答え: A · Relieve pressure on the cord by lifting the presenting part with a gloved hand
これが答えになる理由
In cord prolapse, the presenting part can compress the cord and cut off fetal oxygen. The nurse lifts the presenting part off the cord, calls for help and positions the patient (for example knee-chest) while urgent birth is arranged.
答え
A · Relieve pressure on the cord by lifting the presenting part with a gloved hand
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · A tear in the birth canal or cervix
これが答えになる理由
Continuous bright red bleeding with a firm uterus suggests a laceration of the cervix, vagina or perineum. The nurse reports it so it can be found and repaired.
答え
C · A tear in the birth canal or cervix
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Within about 60 minutes before the incision
これが答えになる理由
For most drugs, prophylaxis is given within 60 minutes before the incision so tissue levels are high during surgery. Some drugs, such as vancomycin, start earlier because they are infused over longer.
答え: A · Pernicious anemia, treated with B12 injections
これが答えになる理由
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies block intrinsic factor or destroy the cells that make it, so B12 is not absorbed. Treatment is lifelong B12, usually by injection (very high oral doses are an alternative).
答え
A · Pernicious anemia, treated with B12 injections