Which postoperative finding should be reported most urgently?
ARespiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
BUrine output of 50 mL in the last hour
CPain score of 4/10 at the wound site when moving
DTemperature 37.4 °C on the first day
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Why should a urinary catheter drainage bag be kept below the level of the bladder?
ATo make the bag easier for the nurse to empty
BTo stop the catheter from falling out
CTo prevent urine flowing back into the bladder
DTo keep the urine warm
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has a blood pressure of 220/130 mmHg with headache, confusion and visual disturbance. Why is the blood pressure lowered in a controlled way rather than as fast as possible?
ARapid lowering always causes the hypertension to come back much worse
BBlood pressure cannot be lowered with drugs
CRapid lowering causes hyperglycaemia
DA sudden drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 77 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.3 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 44 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 16 時間、70 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 10 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
A patient receiving chemotherapy has a temperature of 38.3 °C and a very low neutrophil count. What should the nurse do?
ARecheck the temperature in four hours before telling anyone
BGive a cool shower and offer extra fluids, then wait and see what happens
CDocument the reading and mention it at the next handover
DReport it at once, because cultures and antibiotics are needed quickly
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
During JumpSTART triage, a child who cannot walk is breathing 50 times a minute. Which category is the child given?
AGreen (minor)
BRed (immediate)
CYellow (delayed)
DBlack (expectant)
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with a fentanyl skin patch wants to use a heating pad on the area. What should the nurse teach?
AHeat makes the patch last longer, so fewer patches are needed each month
BHeat only matters if the patch is on the chest
CHeat is fine to use, because it helps the patch stick better to the skin
DAvoid heat on or near the patch, because it increases how fast the drug is absorbed
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Before the wound is closed, the sponge count does not match the starting count. What should happen?
AChange the count on the record so that it matches, then close the wound as planned
BAssume that the first count was wrong and continue
CTell the surgeon and team, search for the item, and image the patient per policy if it is not found
DClose the wound to avoid a long anesthetic and recount the sponges after surgery
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient on hemodialysis has an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Where should the nurse draw routine blood samples?
AFrom the left wrist
BFrom the left hand
CFrom the fistula
DFrom the right arm
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has taken metformin for 8 years and now has numbness in the feet, a hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL (102 g/L) and an MCV of 108 fL. Which deficiency is most likely?
答え: A · Respiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
これが答えになる理由
A low respiratory rate with reduced consciousness may mean opioid toxicity or deterioration and threatens the airway. The other findings are common after surgery and can be managed routinely.
答え
A · Respiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · To prevent urine flowing back into the bladder
これが答えになる理由
Keeping the bag below the bladder allows drainage and prevents backflow, which reduces infection risk. The bag should also not touch the floor.
答え
C · To prevent urine flowing back into the bladder
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · A sudden drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys
これが答えになる理由
In a hypertensive emergency, autoregulation in vital organs is reset to higher pressures. Lowering BP too fast can cause ischaemia, so it is reduced gradually under close monitoring.
答え
D · A sudden drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys
答え: D · Report it at once, because cultures and antibiotics are needed quickly
これが答えになる理由
Neutropenic fever is a medical emergency. The patient may have few other signs of infection, so the nurse reports it immediately so that cultures can be taken and IV antibiotics started.
答え
D · Report it at once, because cultures and antibiotics are needed quickly
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Red (immediate)
これが答えになる理由
In JumpSTART, a respiratory rate below 15 or above 45 per minute makes the child immediate (red). Children breathe faster than adults, so the adult cut-off of 30 is not used.
答え
B · Red (immediate)
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Avoid heat on or near the patch, because it increases how fast the drug is absorbed
これが答えになる理由
Heat from heating pads, electric blankets, hot tubs or fever increases fentanyl absorption and can cause an overdose. Patients are taught to avoid heat over the patch.
答え
D · Avoid heat on or near the patch, because it increases how fast the drug is absorbed
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Tell the surgeon and team, search for the item, and image the patient per policy if it is not found
これが答えになる理由
A count discrepancy is reported to the whole team at once. Closure waits while the field, wound and room are searched, and an x-ray is taken per policy if the item is still missing.
答え
C · Tell the surgeon and team, search for the item, and image the patient per policy if it is not found
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · From the right arm
これが答えになる理由
Venipuncture, blood pressure readings and IV lines are avoided in the arm with an AV fistula or graft, to prevent damage, clotting and infection of the access. Only the dialysis team uses the access, for dialysis.
答え
D · From the right arm
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Vitamin B12 deficiency
これが答えになる理由
Long-term metformin reduces vitamin B12 absorption in the gut. B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemia and peripheral neuropathy, which can be mistaken for diabetic neuropathy. Periodic B12 testing is recommended for long-term users.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin B Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)