When washing a patient's eyes, how should each eye be wiped?
AFrom the outer corner inwards, using the same part of the cloth for both
BFrom the inner corner outwards, using a clean part of the cloth for each eye
COnly the eye that looks dirty needs cleaning
DIn small circles over the closed eyelid of both eyes
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
An older woman with severe arthritis has normal bladder control but wets herself because she cannot reach the toilet in time. Which type of incontinence is this?
AOverflow incontinence
BStress incontinence
CUrge incontinence
DFunctional incontinence
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Which is a recognised risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting?
AA short operation under local anaesthetic
BUse of opioids after surgery
CBeing male
DBeing a smoker
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with small cell lung cancer has hyponatraemia, concentrated urine and no signs of dehydration. Which condition and first measure fit best?
ADiabetes insipidus, managed with extra fluids
BDehydration, managed with an IV fluid bolus
CCushing's syndrome, managed with potassium
DSIADH, often managed first with fluid restriction
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 84 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.3 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 84 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 20 時間、40 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 10 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
84 kg1.3 g/kg/日84 g/L40 mL/h · 20 h10 g/スクープ
n =
10.経腸栄養・静脈栄養の計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 重症の男性は身長 172 cm、体重 139 kg です。練習用プロトコルでは、BMI が 30 以上 40 kg/m² 未満なら理想体重(デヴァイン式)1 kg あたり 1 日 2 g、BMI が 40 kg/m² 以上なら理想体重 1 kg あたり 1 日 2.5 g のタンパク質を投与します。タンパク質の目標量 P を g/日で求めてください。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
Straight after birth, what is the first priority for a healthy-looking newborn?
ADry and warm the baby while checking that it is breathing
BGive the vitamin K injection before anything else is done
CWeigh and measure the baby on the scale
DGive the first bath to remove the blood and vernix
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient admitted with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly got better, but now the abdomen is rigid and the heart rate is rising. What does this suggest?
AThe appendicitis is getting better without surgery
BThe pain has moved to a different, harmless place
CThe appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
DThe patient’s analgesic has finally started to work
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
経口の液剤を、標準的な静脈内用の注射器ではなく経口用・経腸用の注射器で与えるのはなぜですか?
A安全上の理由はなく、単に慣習だから
B経口用注射器は静脈ラインに接続できず、投与経路の間違いを防げるから
C静脈内用の注射器では少量の経口液剤を正確に測れないから
D経口用注射器のほうが静脈内投与量を正確に測れるから
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis who is going home on treatment. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will need to take my medicines for several months.”
B“I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
C“I will cover my mouth with a tissue when I cough.”
答え: B · From the inner corner outwards, using a clean part of the cloth for each eye
これが答えになる理由
Wiping from the inner to the outer canthus moves debris away from the tear duct. Using a clean part of the cloth for each eye prevents spreading infection between them.
答え
B · From the inner corner outwards, using a clean part of the cloth for each eye
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Functional incontinence
これが答えになる理由
Functional incontinence is caused by problems outside the urinary tract, such as poor mobility or confusion. A commode near the bed, easy clothing and regular toileting help.
答え
D · Functional incontinence
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Use of opioids after surgery
これが答えになる理由
Known risk factors include opioids, female sex, being a non-smoker, previous PONV or motion sickness and longer general anaesthetics. High-risk patients may be given preventive antiemetics.
答え
B · Use of opioids after surgery
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · SIADH, often managed first with fluid restriction
これが答えになる理由
In SIADH, excess ADH makes the kidneys retain water, so blood sodium is diluted while urine is concentrated. Small cell lung cancer is a classic cause; fluid restriction is a common first step.
答え
D · SIADH, often managed first with fluid restriction
答え: A · Dry and warm the baby while checking that it is breathing
これが答えになる理由
Breathing and keeping warm come first. Drying stimulates breathing and reduces heat loss; skin-to-skin contact helps. Weighing and routine injections can wait.
答え
A · Dry and warm the baby while checking that it is breathing
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · The appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
これが答えになる理由
A sudden ease in pain followed by a rigid abdomen and a rising pulse can mean rupture and peritonitis. This is a surgical emergency, so the nurse reports at once.
答え
C · The appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
答え: B · “I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
これが答えになる理由
TB treatment lasts several months, and stopping when symptoms improve can lead to relapse and drug-resistant TB. Covering coughs and attending follow-up for sputum tests are correct.
答え
B · “I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”